残疾人男子轮椅竞速T54级项目能量消耗特征

Energy Cost Characteristics of T54 Men's Wheelchair Race

目的:能量消耗是周期性速度项目运动成绩的决定因素,也是教练员制定年训练量和营养方案的主要依据。旨在探究男子轮椅竞速T54级运动员不同速度下单位距离能量消耗(Cw)的特征,为推进我国轮椅竞速的科学化训练和制定合理的膳食标准提供依据和参考。方法:招募10名高水平轮椅竞速T54级运动员,年龄(22.90±5.17)岁,体重(59.27±8.31)kg,在室外田径场分别进行1次1500 m全力运动和逐级递增负荷测试。使用便携式气体代谢仪、Polar心率带、GPSports运动表现追踪系统对受试者每次呼吸的摄氧量(VO_(2))、心率(HR)、速度和距离变化进行监控。通过全力运动和每级递增负荷测试的总能耗与速度的比值计算出轮椅竞速不同速度下单位距离的Cw。结果:受试者全力运动下的速度为(7.20±0.28)m/s,Cw为0.13 kJ/m;递增负荷测试的Cw从0.09 kJ/m、速度(5.38±0.25)m/s,逐渐增加到(0.12±0.02)kJ/m、速度(6.45±0.29)m/s,获得Cw与速度、VO_(2)与速度的指数回归方程,分别为Cw=0.059x^(1.6175)和VO_(2)=379.2x^(1.8705)。结论:残疾人轮椅竞速项目Cw和VO_(2)随着速度的增加成指数增长趋势;轮椅竞速Cw在健全人跑步和自行车项目之间,与速度滑冰项目较为接近。

Objective:The energy cost plays a decisive role in improving athletic performance for cyclic sport activities.It is also the main rules for coaches to set out annual training volume and nutrition program,but there is little research on wheelchair racing.The aim of this study is to investigate the energy cost per unit of distance(Cw)of wheelchair racing.Methods:Ten T54 high-level men's wheelchair racers(22.90±5.17 yrs,59.27±8.31 kg)participated in the research.They each had a 1500 m all-out running test and an incremental exercise test on the outdoor track and field.A portable gas analyzer was used to measure VO_(2) at every breath,and GPSports and Polar was used to monitor V and HR changes.Cw per unit distance of wheelchair racing at different speeds was calculated by the ratio of total energy consumption to the speed.Result:At 1500 m test,the speed is 7.20±0.28 m/s,C_(w) is 0.13 KJ/m;at incremental test,the C_(w) is from 0.09 KJ/m(speed is 5.38±0.25 m/s)gradually increased to 0.12±0.02 KJ/m(speed is 6.45±0.29 m/s).The regression equation of Cw speed and VO_(2)-speed is obtained,Cw=0.059x^(1.6175) and VO_(2)=379.2x^(1.8705),respectively.Conclusion:the Cw and VO_(2) of wheelchair racing in this study increased with the increase of speed as demonstrated by a function with an exponent of 1.6175 and 1.8705.the Cw wheelchair race is in between able-bodied running and cycling,close to speed skating.