产业集聚推动农业高质量生产的机制研究:来自专业村的证据

Research on the Mechanism of Industrial Agglomeration Promoting High Quality Agricultural Production:Evidence from Specialized Villages

推动农业高质量生产是建设农业强国和实现农业现代化的重要命题。新发展阶段中,以专业村为表现形式的产业集聚发展模式能否推动高质量生产、成为促进农业现代化的新出路受到各界关注。依托产业集聚理论,从经验共享、服务共享和空间共享三个维度,对专业村集聚发展模式作用于农户生产技术效率的机理进行系统分析,并运用异质性随机前沿函数模型、分组回归以及样条模型等方法进行实证检验。结果表明:总体来看,专业村通过经验共享、空间共享两个主要维度提高农户生产技术效率,而服务共享发挥的作用相对较弱;具体来看,经验共享、服务共享有利于缩小农户技术效率差异,空间共享则表现出对大规模经营主体效率提升作用更明显的特征。需要注意的是,产业集聚存在“拥挤”效应,低水平的扩容会造成规模不经济。对此,提出欲继续高质量推动专业村建设、发挥产业集聚优势,应将重点置于发挥规模化经营主体的技术示范带动作用,优化农民专业合作社服务能力,强化公共资源配套建设,创建区域特色品牌,实现竞争力提高与农民增收、促进农业高质量发展。

Promoting high-quality development of agricultural production is an important proposition for building a powerful agricultural country and realizing agricultural modernization.In the new development stage,specialized villages have emerged in the main production areas,and whether the industrial agglomeration development model in the form of specialized villages can promote high-quality production and become a new way to promote the realization of a powerful agricultural country has been widely concerned.Based on the theory of industrial agglomeration,this paper makes a systematic analysis of how specialized villages affect farmers’production and technical efficiency through agglomeration development,and uses the methods of heterogeneous stochastic frontier function model,grouping regression and spline model to test it.The results show that:agricultural industry agglomeration improves the technical efficiency through two main paths:experience sharing and space sharing,while the role of service sharing is relatively weak;experience sharing and service sharing help to narrow the difference of farmers’technical efficiency,while space sharing has a more obvious role in promoting the efficiency of large-scale farmers.It should be noted that industrial agglomeration has“crowding”effect,and low-level expansion will lead to diseconomies of scale.This paper proposes that we should continue to play the leading role of technology demonstration of large-scale farmers,optimize the service ability of cooperatives,strengthen the construction of public infrastructure,and create regional characteristic brands,so as to promote high-quality agricultural development.