我国传统医学教育制度化进程研究

Research process of institutionalization of traditional medical education in China

我国传统医学教育制度化是指中医教育从零散的非组织形态向以科学为导向的现代高等教育体制变革的过程。回望历史,中医教育在政治改革、社会发展、科技进步的影响下,逐步实现了默会知识向高深知识的转变,获取了高等教育的准入门槛;以课堂教学取代了师承教育,实现了中医知识在高校复制与传播;最终在系列制度的保障下完成了身份转换,由民间非正式组织转化为正式的学校教育机构。但鉴于中医文化的整体性与动态性,以及中医知识的默会性与模糊性,制度化后的中医教育出现了人文缺失、系统割裂、实践薄弱的弊端,亟须复归医学实践范式,遵从实践导向的师承制与科学教育相结合的思想,在精英层次构建符合中医特色的人才培养模式。

The institutionalization of traditional medical education in China refers to the process of transformation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)from a fragmented and unorganized form to a modern science-oriented higher education system.Looking back at history,under the influence of political reform,social development,and scientific and technological progress,TCM education has gradually realized the transformation from tacit knowledge to advanced knowledge and acquired the access threshold of higher education;replaced teacher education with classroom teaching and realized the replication and dissemination of TCM knowledge within universities;and finally completed the identity transformation under the guarantee of a series of institutions,transforming from a private informal organization to a formal school education.The transformation from an informal folk organization to a formal school education institution was finally completed under a series of institutional guarantees.However,given the holistic and dynamic nature of TCM culture and the tacit and ambiguous nature of TCM knowledge,the institutionalized TCM education has suffered from the shortcomings of humanistic deficiency,systemic fragmentation,and weak practice.It is urgent to revert to the paradigm of medical practice,follow the idea of combining practice-oriented teacher-education with scientific education,and build a talent cultivation model at the elite level in line with the characteristics of TCM.