我国学校心理健康状况与教育效能的基本估计:调研证据

The Mental Health Condition and Effectiveness of Relevant Education in Chinese Schools:Evidence from Research

开展学校心理健康教育与研究,必须摸清“家底”。对我国320多万学生心理健康问题检出率的元分析研究表明,大中小学生抑郁、焦虑、睡眠问题和自我伤害检出率偏高,其整体心理健康状况堪忧,且存在诸多风险因素。对全国20省市82所中职学校学生、心理健康专兼职教师和管理者进行的网络问卷调查表明,中职学校在制度建设、课程建设、机构建设和师资队伍建设等心理健康教育要素上,仍有较大提升空间。对全国7省市15所高校10405名大学生的调查结果表明,大学生对心理健康教育内容有多样性需求,但满意度较低;对专兼职教师和心理咨询师的专业性以及大中小学心理健康教育的衔接认可度也有待提高。进一步的调研表明,当前我国学校心理健康教育在课程教学、实践活动、心理咨询、制度建设、师资队伍建设等方面均存在着教育效能不足的情况,需要齐抓共管,综合治理;痛下功夫,以求实效。

In order to carry out school mental health education and research,it is indispensable to have a clear picture of the real situation.To do this,we conducted several nationwide studies.First,a meta-analysis of the detection rate of mental health problems was made among more than 3.2 million primary and secondary school students.The results show that,the detection rates of depression,anxiety,sleep problems and self-injury are high in them whose overall mental health status is worrying,and there are many risk factors contributing to such status.Second,an online questionnaire survey of students,full-time and part-time teachers of psychological health,and administrators in 82 secondary vocational schools in 20 provinces and cities indicates that there is still much room for improvement in the elements of mental health education in secondary vocational schools,such as system building,curriculum development,institution construction and teacher training.Third,a survey of 10,405 college students in 15 colleges and universities in 7 provinces and cities shows that college students have diverse needs for mental health education,but they report low satisfaction with the current one.Additionally,greater recognition is needed in terms of the professionalism of full-time and part-time teachers and psychological counselors,as well as the linkage of mental health education between primary and secondary schools.Further research suggests that,regarding mental health education in Chinese schools,there are insufficient educational effectiveness in curriculum teaching,practical activities,psychological counseling,system construction,and teacher training,which calls for concerted,comprehensive,and determined efforts to achieve effective results.