百望山森林公园昆虫多样性调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Insect Diversity in Baiwangshan Forest Park

利用样线法、扫网捕捉法和诱集法,对百望山森林公园的昆虫生物多样性进行了调查,并按植被类型对采集到的昆虫进行种类鉴定和数量统计,计算不同植被类型的生物多样性和群落相似性。结果表明,园区昆虫Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数最高的植被类型是侧柏阔叶混交林,最低的是侧柏纯林;阔叶混交林与针阔混交林昆虫群落相似性较高,而阔叶混交林和针叶纯林的昆虫群落相似性最低,为极不相似;鳞翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目、双翅目和膜翅目,无论是科数、物种数还是个体数都占有明显优势,是百望山森林公园昆虫群落中的优势目。不同植被类型的昆虫多样性指数显著不同,植被类型丰富的针阔混交林昆虫种类丰富、多样性高,作为典型的城市森林公园,植被类型仍是影响其昆虫多样性的重要因素,其昆虫多样性保护首先应该倾向于不断优化林区植物群落结构并加大对生态保育区保护力度。

The insect biodiversity of Baiwangshan Forest Park was investigated by using the methods of transect,net sweeping and trapping,and the collected insects were identified and counted according to the vegetation types.The biodiversity and community similarity of different vegetation types was calculated.The results showed that the vegetation type with the highest Shannon Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index was Platycladus orientalis broad-leaved mixed forest,The lowest insect Shannon Wiener diversity index and insect Margalef richness index are Platycladus orientalis pure forests;The similarity of insect communities between broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest is higher,but the similarity of insect communities between broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous pure forest is the lowest,which is very different;Lepidoptera,Coleoptera,Hemiptera,Diptera and Hymenoptera have obvious advantages in the number of families,species and individuals,and are the dominant orders in insect communities in Baiwang Mountain Forest Park.The insect diversity index of different vegetation types is significantly different.The coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest with rich vegetation types has rich insect species and high insect diversity.As a typical urban forest park,the vegetation type is still an important factor affecting its insect diversity,and its insect diversity protection should first tend to constantly optimize the structure of forest plant community and increase the protection of ecological conservation areas.