日本认知症养老居住福利政策的发展经验及启示

The Development Experience and Implications of Dementia Welfare Policies for Elderly Care Residents in Japan

全球率先进入超老龄社会的日本,自20世纪80年代以来一直致力于探索认知症专业护理居住服务模式,构建可持续社区综合护理体系,积累了诸多实践经验。以日本官方开放数据资料为基础,通过梳理其认知症养老居住福利政策的发展历程,探讨不同时期认知症护理的建设重点。借鉴日本经验、结合中国现状,提出增设认知症专业护理服务、发展社区嵌入型护理机构、建立健全长期护理服务体系、搭建社区综合一体化医养融合服务模式等对中国具有现实意义的启示,有利于构建中国专业化、高效率、可持续、综合一体化的认知症专业护理居住支援体系,实现认知症老人有服务、有尊严的晚年生活。

Japan,the first country in the world to enter the super-aging society,has been committed to exploring the professional care mode of dementia and building a sustainable comprehensive care system for dementia since the 1980s,and has accumulated much practical experience.Based on Japan's official open data,this paper explores the key points of dementia care in different periods by sorting out the development process of its dementia welfare policy.Drawing on the experience of Japan and taking into account the current situation in China,this paper proposes to establish specialized nursing services for dementia,develop community embedded nursing institutions,establish long-term nursing service system,and establish a comprehensive integrated community with medical and nursing integrated service,which has practical implications for China.This is conducive to building a professional,efficient,sustainable,and comprehensive integrated dementia nursing residential support system in China,and to achieving a service-oriented and dignified elderly life with dementia.