清代毛奇龄“推易”说研究

A Study of Mao Qiling′s Theory of "Tuiyi"

卦变说是易学哲学体系的重要组成部分。清初易学家毛奇龄返归汉学,延续对汉易“迳变说”的发展,基于“五易说”构建“推易”卦变易学体系,依据《彖传》《系辞传》分六十四卦为聚卦和分易卦,以除乾坤以外的十辟卦为基础,遵循聚卦移作他卦的原则,推演成卦之后爻位的上下往来推移。一方面,毛奇龄厘清前说之混乱,确定“推易”为狭义之“卦变”;另一方面,毛奇龄妙用十辟卦之卦变的同时又强行割裂了十二消息卦之间的关系,兼之一卦可有多个卦源,导致体系的支离,故而其卦变体系存有进一步精进的空间。总之,毛奇龄的“推易说”继承并发展了汉易卦变说,于卦变史中起到了承前启后的作用。

The theory of"hexagram changes"is an important component in the philosophical system of the Book of Changes.In the early Qing Dynasty,Changes scholar Mao Qiling returned to the philosophy of the Han Dynasty and developed the theory of"jingbian"from the Han Changes tradition.The hexagram changes system of"tuiyi"is based on the theory of"five changes".According to the Commentary on the Decision and Appended Judgments,he divided the 64 hexagrams into Ju hexagrams and Fenyi hexagrams.This system follows the principle of transforming Ju hexagrams into other hexagrams and deducing the movement up and down of the line positions after the hexagrams are formed,forming around ten waxing and waning hexagrams(Fu,Lin,Tai,Dazhuang,Kuai,Gou,Dun,Pi,Guan,Bo).On the one hand,Mao Qiling clarified the confusion of the previous theory and determined that"tuiyi"was a narrow definition of"hexagram changes".On the other hand,the hexagram changes based on ten waxing and waning hexagrams also forcefully severed the relationship with the twelve waxing and waning hexagrams.Additionally,his system is fragmented,because of the feature that one hexagram can have multiple sources.Therefore,there is room for further refinement in his hexagram changes system.Overall,Mao Qiling′s theory of"tuiyi"inherited and developed the Han Changes tradition,and thus played a connecting role in the history of hexagram changes.