“原始反终”与周敦颐《太极图》建构的“复归逻辑”

“Yuanshifanzhong” with the “Recursive Logic” inZhou Dunyi’s Taiji Diagram

朱熹对周敦颐《太极图》和《太极图说》的诠释影响深远,但仍存在未尽之处,特别对“原始反终”的解读有失偏颇,这导致《太极图》中的“复归逻辑”被遮蔽。在周敦颐哲学中,“原始反终”不仅是对生死观的描述,亦具有宇宙论意义,是对《太极图》之“复归逻辑”的总结。这一“复归逻辑”体现在两方面:一方面,周敦颐在宇宙“生成逻辑”中确立了太极的宇宙本原地位,通过“复归逻辑”确立了太极的万物本体意义;另一方面,在人的形神到万事的“生成逻辑”基础上,通过“复归逻辑”确立了“圣人”“立人极”的崇高地位。通过两层复归逻辑,《太极图》的完整结构得以呈现,“原始反终”获得更准确的解读,太极的本原与本体的复杂性得到区分,“圣人何以立人极”的问题亦得到回答。

Zhu Xi’s interpretation of Zhou Dunyi′s Taiji Diagram and Taijitushuo has a far-reaching influence,but there are still some unfinished points,especially on the interpretation of“Yuanshifanzhong”,which leads to the“recursive logic”being obscured in Taiji Diagram.In Zhou Dunyi’s philosophy,“Yuanshifanzhong”is not only a description of the view of life and death,but also has cosmological significance,which is a summary of the“recursive logic”of Taiji Diagram.“Recursive logic”can be reflected in two aspects.On the one hand,Zhou Dunyi established the original position of Tai Chi in the“generation logic”of the universe,and established the ontology meaning of Tai Chi through the“recursive logic”.On the other hand,on the basis of the“generating logic”of human body and spirit to everything,establish the lofty status of“sage”and“great human”through“recursive logic”.Through the two layers of recursive logic,the complete structure of Taiji Diagram is presented,the“Yuanshifanzhong”is comprehensively and accurately interpreted,Tai Chi’s meaning about original and ontology are distinguished,and the question of“why the sage can reach to the great human”is also answered.