基于场景的自然灾害应急制图技术设计与实现

Design and Implementation of Scene-based Natural Disaster Emergency Mapping Technology

自然灾害应急地图作为有效开展应急指挥、救援的辅助决策产品,具有高时效性、动态性和多样性的特点,因此,如何提升制图效率,实现应急快速制图是当前亟需解决的重要问题。本文以应急场景概念模型为切入点,构建了自然灾害全过程应急处置场景模型,设计了一套覆盖预报预警、应急救援、指挥决策、灾情评估等多场景的自然灾害应急专题制图方案,突破了多源应急知识表达与建模、多样化应急场景制图模板设计、双驱动触发式自适应制图等多项关键技术,研制了自然灾害应急自动制图系统,将单幅制图时间缩短至10—15 min,为服务自然灾害应急处置全过程提供重要的技术支撑。

As an auxiliary decision-making product for emergency command and rescue,natural disaster emergency map is character-ized by its time-efficient,dynamic and diversity.Therefore,how to improve the efficiency of map-making is an important problem to be solved urgently.This paper analyzes from the angle of emergency scenarios based on the conceptual model,constructs natural dis-asters emergency scene model,and designs a set of emergency mapping scheme that covers multiple scenarios such as forecast warning scenarios,emergency rescue,emergency decision-making,disaster assessment and etc.By breaking through the key technologies in-cluding multi-source knowledge representation and modeling,diversified mapping templates,and dual-drive adaptive mapping,this design completes an automatic natural disaster mapping system,helps to shorten 10—15 minutes for every single mapsheet and pro-vides essential technical support for the whole process of natural disaster emergency response.