文昌市椰子资源果实表型和品质综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of fruit phenotype and quality of coconut resource in Wenchang

为了更好地开展椰子品种选育工作,以文昌市62份椰子资源的果实为材料,测定果实重量、椰子水重量、果形指数、可溶性固形物、维生素C、蛋白质含量和氨基酸含量等主要果实性状,对其进行相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和综合排序。结果表明,果实表型和品质性状存在不同程度的变异,变异系数为7.29%~43.31%,其中蛋白质含量的变异系数最大,椰子水口感等果实风味指标存在中等的变异程度,pH值的变异系数最小。有28对指标的相关性达到了显著水平,101对指标的相关性达到了极显著水平。主成分分析提取了7个主成分,累积贡献率为80.85%。根据主成分分析结果计算得分并排序,DJ150、PL163、WC105、DG133、CX032、DJ014和DG135综合排名最高,果实品质较好。结合聚类分析的结果,最终筛选出DJ150、PL163、WC105、CX032和DJ014五份优质椰子资源,并将椰子果实品质评价因子简化为5个指标,分别是固酸比、维生素C、氨基酸、椰肉口感和可溶性固形物。研究结果可以为高种椰子品种选育工作提供数据支持。

Wenchang is the main coconut planting area in Hainan.To evaluate the fruit traits of tall coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)and provide references for coconut cultivars selection and quality improvement,an investigation of tall coconut germplasm resources in Wenchang city was completed in 2021.The fruits of 62 coconut resources were collected for fruit quality evaluation,the main fruit characteristics,such as fruit weight,coconut water weight,fruit shape index,total soluble solids,vitamin C,protein content,and amino acid content were measured,then correlation analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis,and comprehensive ranking were carried out.Results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in fruit phenotype and quality traits,and the coefficient of variation ranged from 7.29%to 43.31%,in which the coefficient of variation of protein content was the largest,fruit flavor indexes such as coconut water taste score were medium and the coefficient of variation of pH value was the smallest.Pearson correlation analysis was carried out on 22 traits of 62 resources.Results showed that the correlation between 28 pairs of indicators reached a significant level(P<0.05),and the correlation between 101 pairs reached a very significant level(P<0.01).Seven principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate was 80.85%.According to the results of the principal component analysis,the comprehensive scores of germplasm resources were calculated and ranked.DJ150,PL163,WC105,DG133,CX032,DJ014,and DG135 ranked at the top,with high fruit quality.Combined with the results of cluster analysis,five high-quality coconut resources including DJ150,PL163,WC105,CX032,and DJ014 were finally selected,the evaluation factors of coconut fruit quality were simplified into five indexes,which were total soluble solid(TSS)-acid ratio,vitamin C,amino acid,coconut flavor,and total soluble solids.The research results can provide data support for the breeding of tall coconut varieties.