发酵食品群落生态系统微生物相互作用的研究进展:聚焦交叉喂养

Advances in microbial interaction in fermented foods community ecosystem:Focus on cross-feeding

发酵食品群落微生态系统具有微生物种类繁多、互作形式多样、代谢反应复杂、时空差异显著等特点,造成发酵过程调控困难,产品品质批次稳定性差。超过98%的微生物都属于营养缺陷型,需要依赖特定的外源营养物质进行生长。交叉喂养是一种细菌所分泌的代谢产物被另一种细菌分解代谢、消耗的现象。目前关于发酵食品微生态的研究已获得了许多相关性结论,但因缺乏菌株水平微生物互作的相关研究,尤其是“基于营养缺陷的代谢产物交互作用如何塑造发酵食品群落微生态的结构和功能,进而影响发酵食品品质”的研究,仍无法有效控制群落结构和功能变化。该文主要介绍了发酵食品中微生物电子供体交换,氨基酸、维生素交叉喂养,强调了从时空角度理解微生物交互网络的必要性,探究了微生物交叉喂养、有效筛选关键少数菌种和理性调控微生物群落的研究策略。

The fermented food microecosystem possesses many characteristics such as diverse micro-organisms,diverse interaction modes,complex metabolic reactions,and significant differences in time and space,which caused difficulties in regulating process of fermentation and the quality of fermented food for the same batch.More than 98%of microorganisms are nutrient deficient and need to rely on specific exogenous nutrients for growth.Cross feeding is a phenomenon that metabolites secreted by one bacterium are catabolized and consumed by another bacterium.Recent studies have shown many relevant conclusions about the microecosystem of fermented foods,but it still could not control the structure and function of the microbial community effectively.Currently,we lack of studies about microbial interaction at strains level,especially how metabolites exchange based on auxotrophy shapes the structure and function of the microecosystem in fermented food,which in turn affected the quality of fermented foods.This paper mainly introduces microbial electron donor exchange,amino acid and vitamin cross-feeding in fermented foods,emphasizes the necessity of understanding microbial interaction network over time and space,and designs the research strategy about how to explore microbial cross-feeding,screen core strains effectively and rationally regulate microbial communities.