军事训练中士兵下肢应力性骨折的成因、预防及康复

Causes,Prevention and Rehabilitation of Stress Fractures in the Lower Limbs of Soldiers in Military Training

应力性骨折(stress fracture,SF)是军事训练中军人常见伤病,多见于下肢。采用文献资料调研法分析军人下肢SF的致病原因,旨在通过科学的选材、训练有效预防军人下肢SF的发生。研究发现,军人下肢SF的致病原因可分为:不可干预的内部致因(人口学和解剖学因素)、可干预的内部致因(行军步态、运动营养、身体素质、生活方式等)以及外部致因(负重训练、军事训练方案、行军距离、训练环境、可穿戴生物力学工具等)。针对军人下肢SF的致病原因,提出了针对性的预防及康复措施。

Stress fracture(SF)in the lower limbs is a common injury in military training.The pathogenetic causes of SF in soldiers are analyzed by using the method of literature research,aiming to effectively prevent the occurrence of SF in soldiers through scientific selection and training.It is found that the pathogenetic causes of SF in soldiers’lower limbs can be divided into:Non-interventional internal causes(demographic and anatomical factors),interventional internal causes(marching gait,sports nutrition,physical fitness,lifestyle,etc.),and external causes(weight training,military training programs,marching distance,training environment,wearable biomechanical tools,etc.).According to the causes of SF,targeted preventive and rehabilitation measures are proposed.