运动对阿片类药物滥用危害的干预作用

Intervention Effect of Exercise on Opioid Abuse Harms

药物滥用带来的公共卫生问题愈加棘手,特别是阿片类药物的滥用可导致成瘾、神经认知障碍、引发传染病等严重危害,甚至可能威胁生命。运动干预作为一种执行成本低、限制条件少、无副作用的治疗手段,目前部分研究已发现其可以对阿片类药物滥用患者产生明显的疗效。有氧运动在改善成瘾、神经认知障碍、免疫力下降、运动功能损伤等多方面都已被证明有效,其中运动强度和运动时间是重要影响因素。抗阻训练与有氧运动相结合后治疗效果更佳,可能是更值得推广的治疗方法。身心运动(包括瑜伽、冥想、太极拳、气功)主要治疗神经认知障碍,在改善病患情绪、生活质量等方面具有独特效果。从生理机制上看,运动通过干预神经环路、突触可塑性、神经递质及其受体对症改善阿片类药物滥用诱发的危害。

The public health problems caused by drug abuse are becoming more and more intractable.In particular,opioids abuse can lead to addiction,neurocognitive disorders,infectious diseases and even threaten life.Exercise intervention is a treatment with low execution cost,few restrictions and no side effects.It has been found in some studies to have a significant effect on patients with opioid abuse.Aerobic exercise has been proved effective in improving addiction,neurocognitive disorders,immunity decline and motor function injury.Aerobic exercise intensity and time are important influencing factors.Resistance training combined with aerobic exercise has a better therapeutic effect,so the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise may be more worthy of promotion.Physical and mental exercise(including yoga,meditation,Tai Chi,Qigong)mainly treats neurocognitive disorders.It has unique effects in improving patients’mood and quality of life.Physiologically,exercise ameliorates the opioid abuse harm by interfering with neural circuits,synaptic plasticity,neurotransmitters and receptors.