抚仙湖径流区植烟土壤养分特征分析

Nutrient Characteristics of Tobacco Planting Soil in Runoff Area of Fuxian Lake

为全面分析抚仙湖径流区植烟土壤性状特征,采集径流区154个土壤样品,从不同乡镇、不同地块类型和不同海拔等进行了分析,并对不同乡镇进行了聚类分析。抚仙湖径流区植烟土壤酸碱度整体适宜,水解氮含量适中,磷钾丰富,有机质含量中等偏低,微量元素硼含量适宜,氯离子含量较低。不同乡镇土壤特征差异显著,青龙镇的磷钾含量均较高,分别为50、400 mg/kg,与其他乡镇均达显著差异,右所镇水解氮含量和pH较高;从不同田块类型来看,坝区和山区植烟土壤有效磷和水解氮含量差异达显著水平,坝区植烟土壤的有效磷、水解氮、pH和氯离子含量高于山区,速效钾、pH、有机质、有效硼和氯离子含量差异不显著;从不同海拔来看,海拔1 400~1 600 m的区域有效磷、速效钾和水解氮含量较高,与其他海拔区域差异均达显著水平,且呈随着海拔升高而降低的趋势。pH、有机质和有效硼在各海拔区域之间差异不显著,有机质有随着海拔升高而增加的趋势,有效硼呈随着海拔升高而降低的趋势。抚仙湖径流区植烟土壤各性状指标整体较适宜烟叶种植,但不同乡镇、田块差异较大,个别指标变异系数较大,烟叶生产上要注重做细施肥方案,做到“一片一方案”以达到获得优质烟叶与环境保护并重的目的。

In order to comprehensively analyze the tobacco planting soil properties in the runoff area of Fuxian Lake,154 soil samples were collected and analyzed from different towns,plot types and altitudes,and cluster analysis was conducted for different towns.The results showed that the pH of tobacco planting soil in the runoff area of Fuxian Lake was suitable as a whole,the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen was moderate,the content of phosphorus and potassium was rich,the content of organic matter was medium and low,the content of trace element boron was suitable,and the content of chloride ion was low.The content of P and K in Qinglong Town was 50 and 400 mg/kg respectively,which was significantly different from that in other towns.The content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and pH in Yousuo Town were higher.From the different field types,the differences of available phosphorus and hydrolyzed nitrogen contents of tobacco planting soil in dam area and mountain area reached significant level,while the contents of available potassium,pH,organic matter,available boron and chloride ion were not significant.The contents of available phosphorus,hydrolyzed nitrogen,pH and chloride ion in tobacco planting soil in dam area were higher than those in mountain area.From different altitudes,the contents of available phosphorus,available potassium and hydrolyzed nitrogen were higher at 1400-1600 m,which were significantly different from other altitudes,and had a decreasing trend with the increase of altitude.There was no significant difference in pH,organic matter and available boron among different altitudes.The organic matter increased with the elevation,while the available boron decreased with the elevation.The results showed that the soil properties in the runoff area of Fuxian Lake were more suitable for tobacco planting,but there were great differences in different towns and fields,and the coefficient of variation of individual indexes was large.Therefore,it is necessary to pay attention to the method of fine fertilization in tobacco production,so as to achieve“one piece,one scheme”,in order to obtain high-quality tobacco leaves and environmental protection.