乡村厕所建设的国际经验及对我国“厕所革命”的启示

The International Experience of Rural Toilet Construction and the Enlightenment to Our Country “Toilet Revolution”

分析比较了日本、美国、芬兰和南非的乡村厕所建设经验。结果表明,虽然各有特点,但总体来看,制度完备、实用为先、有序推进、建管兼顾是各国乡村厕所成功的共性和关键。由此提出在我国当前推进厕所革命工作的建议,包括重视法律法规和配套制度的建设;充分利用脱贫攻坚中取得的先进经验,充分尊重并且调动农民在厕所革命工作中的权利主体地位;鼓励企业的参与,关注创新;针对难度较大的中西部、寒冷地区,开展小型试点示范,逐步推广。

Rural toilet construction experience in Japan,USA,Finland and South Africa were analyzed and compared.The results show that,although each has its own characteristics,overall,complete system,practical first,orderly promotion,construction and management are the common and key factors for the success of rural toilets in various countries.This paper proposes some suggestions to advance toilet revolution currently in our country,including attach importance to the construction of laws and regulations and supporting systems;make full use of advanced experience gained in poverty alleviation,fully respect and mobilize the rights of farmers in the toilet revolution work;encourage the participation of enterprises and focus on innovation;small pilot demonstrations should be carried out and promoted gradually in the central and western regions and in cold regions,where difficulties are relatively high.