人机关系与后人类伦理——列维纳斯他者理论下的《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗?》解读

The Human-Machine Relationship and Posthuman Ethics:Interpretation of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?Based on Emmanuel Levinas’Other Theory

《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗?》是美国作家菲利普·迪克于1967年发表的长篇小说。小说融合了迪克关于技术理性、人工智能、大众传媒与宗教信仰等多方面思考,以想象的方式呈现出未来科技发展的可能路径以及由此产生的一系列复杂的伦理问题。在身体与信息深度融合,人-机/物的物理界线日渐消弭的过程中,“我是谁”“我应当怎样面对‘它’”成为不断被叩问的问题。列维纳斯的他者理论中暗含着对上述问题的回应,在此视域下对《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗?》中的人-机/物关系进行解读,无疑是一条超越人-机/物二元对立、摆脱主体性焦虑、重构“人”与“非人”伦理关系的新路径。

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?is a novel published by the American writer Philip K.Dick in 1967.This novel blends Dick’s reflections on technological rationality,artificial intelligence,mass media,and religious beliefs,presenting possible paths of future technological development and a series of complex ethical issues that arise from them in the way of imagination.In the process of deep integration of body and information,the physical boundary of“human-machine/thing”is gradually disappearing,therefore“Who am I?”and“How should I face‘it’?”were constantly questioned.Emmanuel Levinas’Other Theory is an implicit response to the above question.In this perspective,it undoubtedly provides us with a new path to surpass the binary opposition of“man-machine/thing”,get rid of subjective anxiety,and reconstruct the ethical relationship between“human”and“non-human”by interpreting the relationship of“man-machine/thing”in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?