江淮地区薄壳山核桃不同品种及‘波尼’杂交果实品质分析

Comparative Analysis on Fruit Quality of Different Varieties of Pecan and‘Pawnee’Hybrid in the Yangtze-Huaihe Region

[目的]了解不同品种的薄壳山核桃在江淮地区的品质表现,以及目前江淮地区栽植面积广泛的品种‘波尼’与不同父本授粉下的坐果率与果实品质差异,为主栽品种选择提供一定依据。[方法]对‘马罕’‘波尼’‘卡多’‘金华’和YLC20、YLC216个品种的果实及‘波尼’与YLC21、‘卡多’‘波尼’和混合花粉杂交的6个果实性状与果仁中脂肪、蛋白质、脂肪酸、可溶性糖进行相关性分析。[结果]‘波尼’与‘波尼’、YLC21、‘卡多’和混合花粉的杂交结果表明,‘波尼’自花授粉的坐果率最低,仅为5.16%,YLC21授粉的坐果率最高,为19.93%,‘卡多’授粉的坐果率为17.88%;且YLC21的果高、果径、单果重、油酸、顺-11-二十碳烯酸、硬脂酸、花生酸的含量均最高;混合花粉的出仁率最高为58.70%,混合花粉的脂肪含量最高为74.26 g/100 g;不同父本对果实饱和脂肪酸总量与不饱和脂肪酸总量没有显著影响。6个薄壳山核桃品种间的果实性状及其内含物成分差异均显著。其中‘马罕’果实最大,其果高为51.93 mm,单果重为9.48 g,壳厚度最薄为0.48 mm,出仁率最高为53.95%;YLC21的果实最小(果高38.98 mm),壳厚度最厚(1.02 mm),出仁率最低(46.19%)。各指标的相关性分析表明,果高与果径、单果重、仁重、出仁率呈极显著正相关,与壳厚呈极显著负相关,出仁率与果高、果径、单果重、仁重呈极显著正相关,与壳厚呈极显著负相关。不同品种的种仁内含物差异显著,YLC21的蛋白质含量最高,为12.13 g/100 g,‘波尼’的脂肪含量与油酸含量均最高,分别为75.36%、73.40%。油酸与亚油酸呈极显著负相关,油酸含量高时,亚油酸含量就低。[结论]‘波尼’与YLC21花粉的杂交果实性状较好,‘马罕’‘波尼’‘金华’、YLC20可作为主栽品种。

[Objective]The aim of this study was to understand the quality performance of different varieties of pecan in the Yangtze-Huaihe River region,as well as the differences in fruit setting rate and fruit quality between‘Pawnee’,a variety with a wide planting area in the Yangtze-Huaihe River region,and different male parent pollination,so as to provide some basis for the selection of main varieties.[Method]In this paper,the correlation analysis was carried out between the fruit of‘Mahan’,‘Pawnee’,‘Cardo’,‘Jinhua’,YLC20,YLC21 and the six fruit characters of‘Pawnee’crossing with YLC21,‘Cardo’,‘Pawnee’and mixed pollen and the fat,protein,fatty acid and soluble sugar in the kernel.[Result]The hybridization results of‘Pawnee’with YLC21,‘Cardo’,‘Pawnne’and mixed pollen showed that,the fruit setting rate of‘Pawnne’was the lowest,only 5.16%;the fruit setting rate of YLC21 was the highest,which was 19.93%;the fruit setting rate of‘Cardo’pollination was 17.88%,and the nut height,nut diameter,single nut weight,oleic acid,cis-11-eicosenoic acid,stearic acid and arachidonic acid of YLC21 were the highest.The highest kernel yield of mixed pollen was 58.70%,and the highest fat content was 74.26 g/100 g.Different male parents had no significant effect on the total amount of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids.There were significant differences in nut characters and inclusions among the six varieties.‘Mahan’had the largest nut height(51.93 mm),nut weight(9.48 g),shell thickness(0.48 mm)and kernel yield(53.95%).And YLC21 had the smallest nut(38.98 mm),the thickest shell(1.02 mm)and the lowest kernel percentage(46.19%).The correlation analysis of appearance indexes showed that fruit height was positively correlated with fruit diameter,single fruit weight,kernel weight and kernel rate,and negatively correlated with shell thickness.The kernel rate was positively correlated with fruit height,fruit diameter,single fruit weight and kernel weight,and negatively correlated with shell thickness.There were significant differences in seed kernel content between the different cultivars.The fat content and oleic acid content of‘Pawnne’were the highest,about 75.36%and 73.40%respectively.Oleic acid was negatively correlated with linoleic acid.When the oleic acid content was high,the linoleic acid content was low.Principal component analysis showed that appearance quality and inclusions were important indexes to evaluate fruit quality.[Conclusion]Comprehensive comparison showed that the fruit characters of‘Pawnne’and YLC21 pollen were the best.‘Mahan’,‘Pawnee’,‘Jinhua’and YLC20 can be used as main varieties.