巨噬细胞极化中糖代谢重编程的研究进展

Research progress of glucose metabolism reprogramming in macrophage polarization

在细胞的生命活动中,代谢调控贯彻着整个生命反应的始终。随着细胞代谢组学技术的不断发展,对调控免疫细胞生命活动代谢网络的研究也更加深入。免疫细胞(如淋巴和髓系细胞)作为机体的重要组成部分,代谢调控是如何决定其命运及功能是值得关注的一个问题,对此问题的探究形成了一个被称为免疫代谢的研究领域[1-2]。免疫细胞中代谢途径及功能效应的变化不仅存在于微生物感染、自身免疫等过程中,研究表明免疫细胞代谢重编程也参与了肿瘤的进展。

Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune system,and glucose metabolism reprogramming is involved in the whole process of macrophage polarization.This reprogramming is governed by a complex interplay between enzymes and metabolites,which determines the functional fate of the macrophages upon activation.There are two types of activated macrophages:pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages.M1 macrophages rely on cytoplasmic glycolysis while M2 macrophages utilize mitochondrial metabolism to maintain cell function.Nevertheless,the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)reprograms the glucose metabolism process of tumor-associ-ated macrophages(TAMs)and drives TAMs towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype(M2)to promote tumor malignancy.Thus,intervention of glucose metabolism reprogramming of macrophages to reverse the phenotype of TAMs and remodel the TME is a promising approach for tumor treatment.This review presents a systematic overview of the glucose metabo-lism process of different macrophage phenotypes and a summary of prospective immunotherapies to reverse the immunosup-pressive phenotype of TAMs,aiming to provide new insights into inflammatory metabolic diseases and tumor-related immu-nometabolism diseases.