不同因素调控巨噬细胞极化在慢性难愈性创面中的研究进展

Research progress of different factors regulating macrophage polarization in chronic refractory wound

巨噬细胞极化在创面愈合的炎症期、增殖期和组织重塑期三个阶段中均扮演重要的作用。巨噬细胞可塑性较强,且影响巨噬细胞极化的因素较多,机体存在正向调控极化促进创面愈合的因素,也存在负向调控极化或异常极化抑制创面愈合的因素。因此,了解并归纳不同因素调控巨噬细胞极化在慢性难愈性创面中的作用对于研究创面愈合的病理机制十分重要。巨噬细胞定植部位的不同、炎症微环境的差异、干细胞的协同作用、病原微生物感染、细胞生物材料的应用、巨噬细胞自噬以及巨噬细胞脂代谢紊乱等因素参与调控巨噬细胞的极化和转归,同时影响慢性难愈性创面的愈合进程。通过总结不同因素调控巨噬细胞极化在慢性难愈性创面愈合进程中的相关机制,以期为慢性难愈性创面的后续研究提供思路。

Macrophage polarization plays an important role during the stages of wound healing,in terms of the inflammation,the proliferation as well as tissue remodeling.As macrophages have strong plasticity and the factors affecting the macrophages polarization are relatively complex,meanwhile,factors that positively regulate polarization to promote wound healing and factors that negatively regulate polarization or abnormal polarization to inhibit wound healing exist in the body simultaneously.Therefore,for studying the pathological mechanism of wound healing,it is important to understand and summarize the effect of different factors regulating macrophage polarization in chronic refractory wounds.Recent studies have shown that factors affecting the healing process of chronic refractory wounds include different colonization sites of macrophages,differences in inflammatory microenvironment,synergistic effect of stem cells,infection of pathogenic microorganisms,application of cellular biomaterials,macrophage autophagy and lipid metabolism disorders of macrophages,which are involved in regulating the polarization and metastasis of macrophages.Therefore,this article summarizes the mechanism of different factors regulating macrophage polarization in the process of chronic refractory wound healing,in order to provide ideas for the follow-up study of chronic refractory wounds.