化肥减施下橡胶树有机肥替代用量研究

The Amount of Organic Fertilizer to Replace the Chemical Fertilizer in Rubber Forest

为实现橡胶树种植化肥减量增效的目的,在云南东风农场橡胶林开展不同有机肥替代化肥用量试验研究。结果表明:与单施配方肥相比,有机肥替代提高了土壤pH值及团聚体、有机质、全氮、有效氮含量。其中,60%配方肥+15 kg有机肥处理的pH、有机质、水解氮、团聚体指标显著高于单施配方肥处理,但有效磷、速效钾含量与单施配方肥处理差异不显著;叶片N、P、K、Mg养分含量与单施配方肥处理相当;年增产干胶5%,减少配方肥投入144 kg·hm^(-2)。通过综合评价,推荐60%配方肥+15 kg有机肥为橡胶树有机肥替代化肥的最佳用量。

Experiment of organic fertilizers on rubber tree was conducted to study the efficiency from reduction of chemical fertilizer in Dongfeng state-farm,Yunnan.There was obvious increasing in the content of soil pH,aggregates,organic matter,total nitrogen and available nitrogen by using organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer.Among them,pH,organic matter,hydrolyzed nitrogen and aggregates of 60%formula fertilizer+15 kg organic fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than that of single formula fertilizer,but there were no significant differences in available phosphorus,available potassium and single formula fertilizer treatment.The nutrient contents of N,P,K and Mg in leaves were equivalent to those of single formula fertilizer,which increased the rubber yield by 5%and decreased the input of formula fertilizer by 144 kg·hm^(-2).According to the research,it is recommended that the optimum amount of chemical replacement is 60%of formula fertilizer+15 kg organic fertilizer for rubber tree.