水系锌离子电池正极材料钒酸铵盐的研究进展

Research Progress on Ammonium Vanadate Salts asCathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

水系锌离子电池以高比容量的锌金属为负极,具有低成本、高安全性与无毒环保等优良特性,成为了当前备受关注的新型储能装置之一.然而,目前难以开发出与锌负极相匹配的正极材料,这成为了制约水系锌离子电池大规模发展的重要因素.钒酸铵盐因具有较快的离子扩散速率和较高的比容量而在水系锌离子电池正极材料领域展现出广阔的应用前景.首先介绍了钒酸铵盐正极材料的锌存储机制及其水热法制备工艺,针对钒酸铵盐在应用过程中存在的钒溶解与电导率较低等问题,着重综述了金属离子插层、水分子插层、聚合物插层、材料复合与氧空位构建等优化改性策略.最后,对钒酸铵盐正极材料的发展趋势进行了展望,为高性能水系锌离子电池的设计与开发提供借鉴.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),which use zinc metal with high specific capacity as anode material,have excellent characteristics such as low cost,high safety,nontoxicity and environmental friendliness so that such batteries are used as promising energy storage devices that have attracted much attention.At present,it is difficult to develop cathode materials matching with metal zinc anode,which is an important factor hindering the large-scale development of AZIBs.Ammonium vanadate salts show attractive application prospects in the field of cathode materials for AZIBs due to their fast ion diffusion rate and high specific capacity.The zinc storage mechanism of ammonium vanadate salt and the hydrothermal preparation process are firstly introduced,and then the optimization and modification strategies such as metal ion intercalation,water molecule intercalation,polymer intercalation,material compositing,and oxygen vacancy construction are highlighted to address the problems of vanadium dissolution and low electrical conductivity of ammonium vanadate salts.Finally,the development trend of ammonium vanadate salt cathode materials is studied to provide useful reference for the design and development of high performance AZIBs.