认识论断裂的双向之面——对马克思思想连贯性的保卫

The Bidirectional Face of Epistemological Rupture—Defense of the Coherence of Marx’s Thought

阿尔都塞为保卫马克思主义的科学性免遭人道主义侵蚀,提出了关于马克思思想进程分界的解读范式——认识论断裂,用以说明在马克思的思想进程中存在从“意识形态”到“科学”理论总问题的转换,把青年时期的马克思与成熟时期的马克思实质对立起来。这一问题域犹如罗马神话中的双面神祇雅努斯,拥有双向之面,以1845年为分界,一面指向马克思思想的过去,另一面则指向未来。在把握认识论断裂提出的时代背景、理论来源、界划依据的基础上,应重点针对认识论断裂的负向之面,从理论批判、马克思的文本自证和他证以及阿尔都塞的晚期自我重构这三个维度对马克思思想的连贯性进行祛魅与保卫。

In order to protect the scientific nature of Marxism from the erosion of humanitarianism,Althusser proposed an interpretation paradigm about the boundaries of Marx’s thought process-epistemological rupture,to illustrate the transition from“ideology”to“science”in Marx’s thought process.The transformation of the overall theoretical problem pitted Marx in his youth and Marx in his mature period.This problem domain is like the Roman double-sided god Janus,with 1845 as a boundary,with one side pointing to the past of Marx’s thought,and the other pointing to the future.On the basis of grasping the era background,theoretical sources,and demarcation basis of the epistemological break,we should focus on the negative side of the epistemological rupture,disenchant and defend the coherence of Marx’s thought in terms of theoretical criticism,Marx’s textual self-evidence and other evidence,and Althusser’s late self-reflection.