他助与自助:北京龙泉孤儿院经费问题考述

Outside Funding and Fending for Themselves: A Study on the Funding of Beijing Longquan Orphanage

龙泉孤儿院创办于清末,历经整个民国时期,收养孤儿达数千人之众,在北京慈幼机构中享有盛誉。该院收养孤儿开支浩繁,却能够历时四十余年之久,与多样化的经费来源息息相关。龙泉孤儿院经费的主要来源是庙产房租收款、政府部门拨款,以及京师各大善士的年、节、月捐资助。然民国时局动荡,政权更迭,特别是1928年国都迁离北京后,物价飞涨,孤儿人数激增,经费总是不敷用度,成为困扰孤儿院负责人的主要问题。历任院长和以政要、绅商为代表的董事不断开拓筹款渠道,使该院在风雨飘摇的时局中得以维系生存。

Longquan orphanage was founded in the late Qing Dynasty,and ran through the Republic of China,in which thousands of orphans were adopted.It enjoyed a high reputation among the Salesian institutions of Beijing.The adoption of Longquan orphans costs a lot.The reason that it could last more than 40 years was closely related to the diversified sources of funding.The main sources of funds for Longquan orphanage were the collection of temple property rent,government grants and annual,festival and monthly donations from the major philanthropists in the capital.However,as the current situation of the Republic of China was turbulent and the regime changed,especially after the national capital was moved away from Beijing in 1928,the prices of Beijing rose and the number of orphans soared,so that the funds were always insufficient,which became the main problem that perplexed the head of the orphanage.Therefore,the successive presidents and directors represented by political dignitaries and gentry merchants continued to develop fund-raising channels,so that Longquan orphanage could survive in the turbulent current situation.