构建多极化世界格局:俄罗斯外交政策调整与中俄关系新发展

Building a Multipolar World Pattern:Adjustments in Russia's Foreign Policy and New Developments of Sino-Russian Relationship

自冷战结束以来,全球系统性危机的集中爆发与世界秩序的变化一直是世人所关注的焦点。从20世纪90年代至今的世界秩序仍是美国主导的单极格局,现有国际组织和机构却无力预防和解决危机及冲突。北约东扩最终导致了俄罗斯对乌克兰采取了特别军事行动,美国和西方国家对俄罗斯实施了前所未有的制裁,进一步推动了俄罗斯外交政策“转向东方”。百年变局加速演进的时代背景下,西方国家力量的相对走弱,使美国主导单极格局力不从心;“全球南方”力量上升,国际力量对比更趋均衡;俄乌冲突的爆发与持续,正加快世界政治格局向多极化演变,多极世界逐渐回归。面对如此复杂且严峻的挑战,国家层面应作出适当的政策回应。建立在不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方原则基础之上的中俄两国,走出了一条大国战略互信、邻里友好合作的相处之道,成为不同历史和文化背景、不同政治制度和经济体系大国间发展新型国际关系的典范,成为维护世界和平安全与发展繁荣的重要力量。对此,中俄两国还需进一步加深相互信任和理解,通过人文交流夯实两国人民世代友好的政治基础和民意基础;推进双边各领域务实合作,助力两国实现各自发展振兴目标;进一步在不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方原则基础上,推动国际关系民主化,致力于推动世界格局的多极化发展。

Since the end of the Cold War,the outbreak of global systemic crises and changes in the world order have always been the focus of world's attention.The world order since the 1990s to the present is still a unipolar structure dominated by the United States,while existing international organizations and institutions are unable to prevent and resolve crises or conflicts.The NATO's eastward expansion eventually led to Russia's special military action against Ukraine.The United States and other Western countries have imposed unprecedented sanctions on Russia,which further promoted Russia's"pivot to the East"in its foreign policy.Against the backdrop of accelerated evolution of great changes unseen in a century,the relative weakening of Western countries has made themselves unable to do what they want in the unipolar structure dominated by the United States.The rise of Global South has accelerated,and international structures of power have become more balanced.The outbreak and lasting of Russia-Ukraine conflict is leading the world move faster towards multipolarity,and the multipolar world is gradually returning.Facing such complex and severe challenges,appropriate national policy responses should be made.The two sides,based on principles of non-alliance,non-confrontation,and non-targeting of any third party,have found a path of major-country relations featuring strategic trust,good neighborliness and cooperation,setting a new model for international relations between major countries of different histories,cultures,political and economic systems.Both countries have become important forces for maintaining world peace,security,development and prosperity.In this regard,China and Russia need to first further deepen their mutual trust and understanding,consolidate political foundation and friendship through people-to-people and cultural exchanges.Secondly,both sides need to promote bilateral practical cooperation in various fields,and strive to achieve their respective development and revitalization goals.Besides,they also need to promote democratization of international relations and commit to promoting multipolarization of the world on the basis of principles of non-alliance,non-confrontation,and non-targeting of any third party.