词的识别与区别词的语法身份

The identification of words and the grammatical status of non-predicative adjectives

文章从结构主义语言学与生成语法学两个角度讨论了区别词的语法身份。从结构主义语言学看,区别词不是自由形式,也不能黏着于短语,只能处理为黏着词根,所谓的充当定语,也只是复合词中的定语。从生成语法来看,区别词不能投射出短语,也只能处理为非词成分。作为黏着词根,它只能构词,如跟名词或“的”等构词,而不能充当主语、宾语与谓语等。能否在句法中投射短语是区分词与非词的标准,词在句法中不仅仅是词,也会投射出短语,据此可以化解词的识别困境,也可以化解向心结构理论和词有定类之间的冲突。

The paper discusses the grammatical status of non-predicative adjectives from the perspectives of structural linguistics and generative linguistics.The non-predicative ad-jectives are not free forms and cannot adjoin to any phrases,so they must be treated as bound roots in the structural linguistics.The attribute they performed are the ones in com-pounds.The non-predicative adjectives cannot project any phrases,so they must be treated as non-lexical items in the generative linguistics.As a bound root,it can only be used in morphology,e.g.to combine with a nominal word or de to form a word,not to act as a sub-ject,object nor predicate.The standard to distinguish a word and a nonword is whether the item can project a phrase.The word can not only be a word but also project a phrase.We can use the phrasal property of word to solve the dilemma in the identification of words and the tension between the endocentricity theory and the fixed word class.