应激诱导小胶质细胞激活在抑郁症中的机制研究及中药的调节作用

Mechanism of stress-induced microglial activation in depression and traditional Chinese medicine regulation

抑郁症患病率高,疾病负担重,应激事件在抑郁症的发生发展中起到关键的推动和促发作用,但由于其复杂性和异质性,其病理机制至今仍未被完全阐明。近年来,神经炎症作为抑郁症的病理机制受到广泛关注,激活的小胶质细胞被认为是神经炎症标记物,是应激诱导抑郁症的重要机制。应激可能通过模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PRR)、肠道菌群、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal,HPA)轴等途径诱发小胶质细胞活化。小胶质细胞激活与炎症因子、血清素代谢、神经可塑性等神经生物学因素之间相互串扰,导致抑郁发生。目前有大量研究发现中药可通过干预小胶质细胞活化以发挥抗抑郁作用,可能是抑郁症的关键靶标和潜在治疗策略。该文系统回顾了应激诱发小胶质细胞激活在抑郁症中的研究进展,并概述了抗抑郁中药针对小胶质细胞的作用机制,以期为中药通过小胶质细胞激活途径干预抑郁症提供实验研究的证据和思路。

Depression exists with high prevalence and heavy disease burden.Stress events play a key role in the occurrence of depression,but the pathological mechanism has not been fully clarified by reason of the complexity and heterogeneity.In recent years,neuroinflammation as a pathological mechanism of depression has received extensive attention.The activated microglia is regarded as the marker of neuroinflammation,which is an important link of stress-induced depression.Stress might induce microglia activation through pattern recognition receptors(PRR),intestinal flora,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis,and other pathways.Crosstalk between impaired microglia function and neurobiological factors such as inflammatory cytokines,serotonin metabolism,and neuroplasticity may lead to depression.At present,a large number of studies have proved that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)plays an anti-depressive role by inhibiting microglia activation,which may be potential treatment strategies for depressive disorder.This paper reviewed the research progress of stress-induced microglia activation in depression and summarized the mechanism of TCM against depression with regard to microglia,hoping to provide experimental evidence and consideration for TCM against depression through microglia.