野外大熊猫种群调查监测方法概述

Survey and monitoringg methods of wild giant panda population

野生动物种群数量估算及其变化趋势是野生动物种群生态学、濒危野生动物管理和保护生物学的核心问题。大熊猫是我国特有珍稀孑遗动物,是全球自然保护的旗舰物种,其种群数量的估算是动物生态学中重要的基本问题,受到研究者、管理者和公众的共同关注。大熊猫种群数量调查监测还是其保护的核心任务,也是制定有效保护管理措施的基础。我国大熊猫数量调查开始于1967年,对四川王朗自然保护区进行了较为详细地栖息环境考察和种群数量的初步调查工作,此后,区域性及全国性调查研究工作相继开展。从1974年第一次全国大熊猫资源普查至今,已开展了4次全国性的大熊猫普查活动,随着研究的深入,调查方法也在不断改进。简要概述了目前几种常用的野生大熊猫调查方法(访问调查法、样线法和红外相机陷阱法)和种群数量分析方法(直接计数法、距离-咬节法、分子生物学区分法、数学模型推算法),阐述了各调查分析方法的优点、缺点、适用情况及使用相应方法时的注意事项,提出了大熊猫调查的一些建议,以期在未来的大熊猫调查中得到更为可靠的数据,为有关保护管理部门及时调整大熊猫保护措施提供科学依据。

The estimation of wildlife populations and their change trends are the core issues of wildlife population ecology,endangered wildlife management and conservation biology.The giant panda is a unique rare relic animal in China and a flagship species of global nature conservation.Estimating the population size of panda population is a fundamental issue in animal ecology,attracting great attention from researchers,managers,and the public.The survey and monitoring of the giant panda population are the core tasks of its protection and also the basis for formulating effective protection and management measures.The survey of the giant panda population in China began in 1967 with a more detailed survey of the habitat environment and a preliminary survey of the population in Wanglang Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province.Since then,regional and national surveys have been carried out.Since the first national survey of giant panda resources in 1974,four national surveys of giant pandas have been carried out.With the deepening of research,survey methods are also improving.This paper briefly summarizes several commonly used survey methods and population analysis methods for wild giant pandas,including the interview survey method,the line transect methods,the infrared camera technology,the direct counting method,the mathematical model,the Distance-Bamboo Stem Fragments Method,and the molecular biology method.We also described the advantages,disadvantages,application and precautions when using the corresponding methods of each survey and analysis method and put forward some suggestion for the future giant panda survey,hoping to get more reliable data in the future giant panda survey,which will provide a scientific basis for the relevant conservation management departments to adjust the giant panda protection measures in a timely manner.