再生水灌溉模式对葡萄园土壤环境、微生物群落结构和葡萄生长的影响

Effects of reclaimed water irrigation modes on soil environment,microbial community structure,and grape growth in vineyards

探究葡萄酒生产再生水不同灌溉模式对葡萄园土壤环境、微生物群落结构和葡萄生长的影响,筛选适宜的再生水利用方式,为贺兰山东麓葡萄酒生产废水循环利用提供依据。以3年生酿酒葡萄(美乐)为研究对象,采用田间定位试验,设置清水灌溉(CI,对照),清水再生水交替灌溉(AI),清水再生水(1∶1)混合灌溉(MI)和再生水灌溉(RI)4个处理,对土壤理化指标、细菌多样性和群落组成以及葡萄产量和品质进行了分析。结果表明:与CI处理相比,不同再生水灌溉模式下0~80 cm土层pH值无显著变化;MI处理土壤电导率则在20~40及80~100 cm土层中显著增加,增幅分别达53.98%和99.66%。不同再生水灌溉处理间土壤有机碳含量差异不显著。与CI相比,AI处理显著增加表层0~20 cm全氮和全磷含量,分别增加了38.46%和39.94%;同时,40~100 cm土层土壤全磷含量均显著增加,增幅达32.88%~79.63%;不同灌溉模式均对土壤速效养分无显著影响。与CI处理相比,MI和RI处理土壤属水平细菌群落组成及其与土壤环境因子的关联呈现出较大差异;而PCoA分析结果显示AI处理与CI处理基本一致,且土壤环境因子与微生物群落组成之间的关系未发生明显变化。不同灌溉模式下,酿酒葡萄的产量构成,果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和糖酸比均无显著性差异。在贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产区,清水再生水交替灌溉模式有利于提升区域水资源利用效率,改善土壤肥力水平,促进可持续葡萄生产。

We explored the effects of different irrigation modes with reclaimed water from wine production on soil condition,microbial community structure,and grape growth in vineyards.The optional method of reclaimed water utilization was determined to provide empirical evidence that could assist the recycling of wastewater from wine production at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,Ningxia,China.We conducted a field experiment with three-year-old grapevines(Vitis vinifera cv.Merlot)and four treatments:clean water irrigation(CI,control),alternate irrigation with fresh clean water and reclaimed water(AI),mixed irrigation with fresh clean water and reclaimed water(1∶1,MI),and reclaimed water irrigation(RI).Soil physicochemical properties,rhizosphere bacterial diversity and community composition,as well as grape yield and quality were measured.Compared with the CI treatment,pH values of 0-80 cm soil layers were not significantly changed under different irrigation modes with reclaimed water.The electrical conductivity of 20-40 and 80-100 cm soil layers markedly increased under the MI treatment by 53.98%and 99.66%,respectively.There were no differences in soil organic carbon content among various irrigation treatments with reclaimed water.However,under the AI treatment,the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of 0-20 cm soil layer dramatically increased by 38.46%and 39.94%,respectively,and the total phosphorus content of the 40-100 cm soil layers markedly increased by 32.88%-79.63%,compared with the CI treatment.Different irrigation modes had limited effects on soil available nutrients.The genus-level bacterial community composition of rhizosphere soils and its relationships with soil factors distinctly varied under the MI and RI treatments compared with the CI treatment.However,PCoA analysis revealed consistent results under the AI treatment with the CI treatment,and the relationships between soil environmental factors and microbial community composition did not change substantially.The yield components of wine grape and the soluble solid content,titratable acid content,and sugaracid ratio of fruits had minor differences under various irrigation modes.In the wine-producing area of the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,the alternate irrigation mode with clean water and reclaimed water can convey benefits to regional water use efficiency,soil fertility,and sustainable grape production.