水性防污涂料的研究进展

Research Progress in Waterborne Antifouling Coatings

海洋污损生物是海洋资源开发首先要面对的问题。防污涂料是防除海洋污损生物的关键材料。传统的防污涂料虽然发展成熟,但以油性溶剂为介质,存在挥发性有机物(VOC)排放过高、环境污染严重的问题。不释放VOC的水性涂料符合绿色无污染的环保要求,是防污材料领域研究的热点。本文对最重要的四种水性防污涂料(污损释放型水性低表面能防污涂料、自抛光型水性防污涂料、污损阻抗型水凝胶海洋防污涂料、强碱释放型水性硅酸盐防污涂料)从防污机理、制备方法和存在的问题等几个方面进行了综述,并对水性防污涂料的发展趋势进行了展望。

Marine fouling organisms is the first problem to be faced in the exploitation of marine resources.Antifouling coatings are key materials for preventing marine fouling organisms.Although the traditional antifouling coating is mature,it uses oily solvents as the medium,and there are problems of excessive volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions and serious environmental pollution.Waterborne coatings that do not emit VOCs meet the environmental protection requirements of green and pllution-free,and are a hot spot in the field of antifouling materials.In this paper,the antifouling mechanism,preparation methods and existing problems of the four most important waterborne antifouling coatings,i.e.fouling-releasing waterborne low-surface energy antifouling coatings,self-polishing waterborne antifouling coatings,fouling resistance hydrogel marine antifouling coatings,and strong alkali-releasing waterborne silicate antifouling coatings,are reviewed,and development trend of the waterborne antifouling coatings is prospected.