维持性血液透析患者跌倒现状及影响因素

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Falls of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

目的 观察维持性血液透析患者跌倒现状及影响因素分析。方法 选取2022年4-9月在本院血液透析者100例,根据患者是否在院外发生跌倒分成跌倒组与对照组。分析维持性血液透析患者跌倒影响因素。结果 跌倒组患者脉搏、跌倒风险评分高于对照组,而日常生活能力评分与自理能力评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者血压水平、精神状态筛查量表评分、血红蛋白水平相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,高龄(OR值=1.052,95%CI:1.004~1.009)、日常生活能力评分(OR值=0.999,95%CI:0.518~2.385)、跌倒风险评分(OR值=0.827,95%CI:0.667~0.967)和自理能力评分(OR值=0.867,95%CI:0.706~0.991)与跌倒的高风险有关。结论 血液透析患者在院外发生跌倒风险较高,其中高龄、日常生活能力及自理能力评分较低与跌倒风险评分较高,均为诱发患者发生跌倒的高风险因素。

Objective To observe current situation and influencing factors of falls of maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods The paper chose 100 hemodialysis patients in our hospital from April 2022 to September 2022,and divided them into fall group and control group based on falling outside or inside the hospital.Influencing factors of falls of maintenance hemodialysis patients were analyzed.Results Pulse and fall risk scores in fall group were higher than control group,while daily living ability and self-care ability scores were lower than control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood pressure levels,mental state screening scale scores and hemoglobin levels between two groups(P>0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed,elder age(OR=1.052,95%CI:1.004~1.009),daily living ability scores(OR=0.999,95%CI:0.518~2.385),fall risk scores(OR=0.827,95%CI:0.667~0.967)and self-care ability scores(OR=0.867,95%CI:0.706~0.991)were associated with higher risk of falls.Conclusion Hemodialysis patients have high risk of falls outside the hospital,with higher fall risk scores for elder age,lower scores of daily living ability and self-care ability,which are high-risk factors inducing falls of patients.