基于跌倒风险评估的分层护理预防老年帕金森患者跌倒的效果观察

Effects of hierarchical nursing based on fall risk assessment for prevention of falls in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease

目的探讨基于跌倒风险评估的分层护理干预对老年帕金森病(PD)患者知信行水平的影响及预防跌倒的效果。方法选取医院神经内科2018年3月—2020年3月收治的200例老年PD患者作研究对象,随机分成对照组和观察组,各100例。对照组实施常规预防跌倒护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于跌倒风险评估的分层护理干预。运用自制知信行量表(KAP)问卷评估患者知信行水平,运用顾客满意度量表(CSQ)评价患者对护理服务的满意度,记录随访1年期间跌倒发生情况。结果实施护理干预后,两组知识、信念、行为维度得分和KAP问卷总分均较干预前提高,且观察组知识、信念、行为维度得分和KAP问卷总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察组总满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。随访1年时观察组总跌倒发生率低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论基于跌倒风险评估的分层护理干预能提升PD患者的护理效果,提高患者知信行水平,降低跌倒发生率。

Objective To investigate the effect of hierarchical nursing based on fall risk assessment for prevention of falls in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Totally 200 PD patients were randomly divided into the control group and observation group,with 100 cases in each group.The control group received routine fall prevention and management,while the observation group received hierarchical nursing based on fall risk assessment.The selfmade Knowledge-Attitude-Practice(KAP)questionnaire was used to assess the patients’fall prevention awareness.The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire(CSQ)was used to assess patients’satisfaction with nursing service.The incidence of falls in a one-year follow-up was observed.Results Total score of KAP and dimension scores of knowledge,attitude and practice were increased in both two groups after interventions,and total score of KAP in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.01).The overall satisfaction rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of falls of the observation group was lower than that of the control group after a one-year follow-up(P<0.05).Conclusion The hierarchical nursing based on fall risk assessment for prevention of falls is effective to enhance the knowledge,attitude and practice skills of PD patients,improve the quality of falls prevention and management,and reduce the incidence of falls.