有毒中草药炮制减毒方法研究进展

Research progress in methods for toxicity-decreasing processing of toxic herbal traditional Chinese medicines

目的 针对目前我国有毒中草药炮制减毒方法的研究现状进行综述,为后续同类研究提供借鉴。方法 采用文献研究的方法,对古今有毒中草药炮制减毒方法进行总结,并分析不同药用部位常用炮制减毒方法的异同。结果 常用有毒中草药减毒炮制方法包括净制减毒法、炒制减毒法、辅料共制减毒法、祛油制霜减毒法等。按其药用部位的不同可以分为根及根茎类、果实种子类及树脂类等。不同药用部位的炮制方法存在一定差异,如根与根茎类药物常使用蒸煮炮制减毒,油脂含量丰富的果实种子类药物需要祛油制霜减毒。结论 炮制减毒的目的为去除有毒成分、降低药物的不良反应。但大多数有毒中草药毒性成分、药效成分暂不明确,这也导致了减毒炮制方法的可行性遭到质疑。后续应明确炮制减毒机制、优化炮制条件,平衡毒性与药效的关系。

Objective To summarize the current studies on processing methods to decrease toxicity of toxic herbal TCM in China so as to provide reference for subsequent studies.Methods Toxicity-decreasing processing methods and similarities and differences between these methods when used in a variety of medicinal parts were analyzed via literature review.Results The commonly used processing methods for toxic Chinese herbal medicines included JingZhiFa,ChaoZhiFa,FuLiaoGongZhiFa,QuYouZhiShuangFa.Medicinal parts could be divided into three parts:root and rhizome drugs,fruit and seed drugs and resin drugs.Processing methods varied depending on the medicinal parts.For example,steaming and boiling were used for root and rhizome drugs,while oil removal was employed to reduce toxicity in fruit and seed drugs rich in oil.Conclusion The main objective of processing for toxicity reduction is to remove toxic components and reduce adverse reactions of drugs.However,the toxicity and active components of most of the toxic Chinese herbal medicines are not clear,throwing doubt on the feasibility of these processing methods.The mechanism by which toxicity is minimized should be clarified,processing conditions should be optimized,and the relationships between toxicity and efficacy should be balanced.