场域视角下网络间谍的国际法规制

On the Regulation of Cyber Espionage in International Law from the Perspective of Field

网络场域中间谍的国际法规制既涉及不同国家治理标准间的碰撞,也涉及对现有国际法律制度的突破。国际社会对间谍行为是否应建立统一的规制标准尚未形成共识,美国力推的区别对待网络经济间谍和其他网络间谍的“两分法”备受关注,但其法理逻辑漏洞明显。当前各国国内法的规定差异较大,现有国际法规则难以有效解决网络间谍问题,国际合作局限性显著。推进网络间谍的国际法规制可以示范法先行,明确各国可通过缔结双边或多边条约的路径协调缔约国法律冲突,建构“实体规则”对网络间谍罪与非罪作出规定,并在“最大限度合作原则”“充分合作原则”指引下,明确国际合作的方式、条件和机制。

The regulation of espionage in international law in the filed of cyberspace covers not only the collision among different standards for national governance,but also the breakthrough of the existing international legal system.The international community has not reached a consensus on whether a unified regulatory standard should be established for acts of espionage.The"dichotomy"advocated by the United States to treat cyber economic espionage and other espionage differently has attracted much attention,but its legal logic is obviously flawed.At present,the domestic law of different countries differ greatly,and the existing rules of international law can hardly be applied effectively to solve the problems of cyber espionage,and international cooperation has significant limitations.To promote the regulation of cyber espionage through international law,it is advisable to take the first step in terms of the Model Law,clarify that countries can coordinate the conflicts of laws through the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral treaties,then establish"substantive rules"to stipulate the crime and non-crime of cyber espionage and that which international laws are violated,and make clear the ways,conditions and mechanisms of international cooperation under the guidance of"the principle of maximum cooperation"and"the principle of full cooperation".