回授法饮食管理对老年骨质疏松压缩性骨折患者术后营养状况及饮食依从性的影响

Effect of feedback diet management on postoperative nutritional status and dietary compliance in elderly patients with osteoporotic compression fracture

目的探讨回授法饮食管理对老年骨质疏松压缩性骨折患者术后营养状况及饮食依从性的影响。方法选取2020年1月—2022年1月在海南省人民医院接受手术治疗的80例老年骨质疏松压缩性骨折患者为研究对象,采用信封法随机分为观察组与对照组,每组40例。2组患者在院期间均接受相同的院内饮食指导,对照组患者出院后采用院外饮食微信推文进行饮食管理,观察组患者在对照组基础上联用回授法饮食管理进行干预,比较2组患者干预后的营养状况、营养知识掌握情况及饮食依从性等指标。结果2组患者出院时的血红蛋白及血清白蛋白水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者出院后3个月的血红蛋白及血清白蛋白水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者干预后营养不良可能造成的危害、术后各时期饮食要求及饮食搭配3项营养知识得分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者出院时的微量型营养评估量表(MNA)评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者出院后3个月的MNA评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者干预后饮食依从性优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.403,P=0.016)。结论回授法饮食管理应用于老年骨质疏松压缩性骨折患者,能有效增强患者术后健康饮食意识,帮助患者养成符合术后机体恢复需要的饮食习惯,改善患者营养状况,有利于患者骨折康复。

Objective This paper aims to investigate the effect of diet management with feedback method on postoperative nutritional status and dietary compliance in elderly patients with osteoporotic compression fractures.Methods Eighty elderly patients with osteoporotic compression fracture who underwent surgery in Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were randomly assigned to the observation group(n=40)and control group(n=40)by envelope method.Patients in both groups received the same in-hospital dietary guidance during the hospital stay.Patients in the control group were discharged from the hospital using out-of-hospital dietary WeChat posts for dietary management,and patients in the observation group were intervened with the feedback method on dietary management based on the control group.Nutritional status,nutritional knowledge mastery and dietary compliance were compared between the two groups after intervention.Results No significant difference was found in hemoglobin and serum albumin levels between the two groups at discharge(P>0.05).The hemoglobin and serum albumin levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 3 months after discharge(P<0.05).The scores of possible harm caused by malnutrition after intervention,dietary requirements at each postoperative period,and dietary matching in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the Mini-Nutritional Assessment(MNA)score at discharge between the two groups(P>0.05).The MNA score at 3 months after discharge in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The dietary compliance of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group after intervention(Z=2.403,P=0.016).Conclusion The application of diet management with feedback method in elderly patients with osteoporotic compression fracture can effectively enhance the awareness of the healthy diet after operation,help patients develop dietary habits that meet the needs of postoperative recovery,improve their nutritional status,and facilitate rehabilitation.