陀思妥耶夫斯基世界观中美的问题

The Problem of Beauty in Dostoevsky’s World View

在陀思妥耶夫斯基的世界观中,美的问题占有重要的地位。他对美的思考尽管不够系统,但不乏真知灼见,如“美拯救世界”的论断,这是其美学思想的顶峰。陀思妥耶夫斯基美学思想里包含一个矛盾:一方面,陀思妥耶夫斯基坚信“美拯救世界”(有美学乌托邦成分);另一方面,他也意识到美的悲剧性,现实世界里的美自身需要拯救,因为美遭到人性中恶的破坏。美的悲剧和自然主义导致陀思妥耶夫斯基早年的美学乌托邦的破灭。

Dostoevsky had been thinking about beauty,the magnificence of beauty and the task of art all his life.In his world view,the issue of beauty occupies an important position.In his thought on beauty,there is no lack of insight and high perspicacity,such as the assertion that “beauty saves the world”,which is the peak of his aesthetic ideas.His thinking about the issue of beauty did not form a complete ideological system yet,but only some fragments.Dostoevsky's aesthetic ideas contain a contradiction.On the one hand,he firmly believes that “beauty saves the world”,where there is an obvious aesthetic utopia.On the other hand,Dostoevsky is aware of the tragedy of beauty.The beauty in the real world itself needs to be saved,because beauty is destroyed by evil in human nature.The tragedy of beauty and Christian naturalism led to the destruction of Dostoevsky's aesthetic utopia which formed in his early years.