乡村体育振兴的历史考察与现实路径——基于新华村的实证研究

Historical Examination and Contemporary Pathways for the Revival of Rural Sports——An Empirical Study Based on Xinhua Village

乡村体育振兴既是乡村振兴战略实施的必然要求,也是乡村全面振兴的重要内涵。采用文献资料分析、口述史、田野调查等方法,以新华村为个案对乡村体育振兴的历史经验、现实困境及发展路径进行研究。结果表明:20世纪80—90年代中期,新华村乡村体育兴盛的场景主要呈现为村民自发性体育活动参与生活化、乡村小学传统排球赛开展常态化、儿童青少年体育游戏活动日常化;其兴盛的动因主要是村民尚武情结和乡村“体育能人”的促动、乡村学校体育和儿童青少年体育活动的拉动、乡土地域条件和淳朴乡风民风的推动;21世纪后,新华村乡村体育陷入“传统性退场,现代性难以登场”的现实困境,其致因主要有乡村体育人才流失导致乡村体育活力之源缺失,乡村小学撤并导致“家-校-社”体育联动消解,人居环境变迁导致乡土特色体育文化土壤消减,以及新兴体育文化活动组织不力导致自组织力量难以形成广泛影响等。据此提出:立足乡村振兴大局以谋划乡村体育振兴蓝图,振兴乡村学校体育以激发乡村体育振兴活力,打造乡村体育生态以厚植乡村体育振兴沃土,加强组织人才建设以培育乡村体育振兴主体,催生乡村活动产业以培植乡村体育振兴载体等乡村体育振兴路径。

The revival of rural sports is not only an essential component of implementing rural revitalization strategies but also a crucial element within the broader context of comprehensive rural rejuvenation.The research investigates the historical experiences,current challenges,and potential development directions for rural sports revitalization,employing methods such as literature analysis,oral history,and field surveys,with a specific focus on Xinhua Village.The findings reveal that from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s,Xinhua Village experienced a vibrant period of rural sports characterized by spontaneous community engagement in sports activities,traditional volleyball competitions on a regular basis in rural primary schools,and the integration of sports games into the daily lives of children and adolescents.The driving factors behind this flourishing period were the martial spirit of the villagers,the influence of local sports talents,the significance of rural school sports,and the impact of the village’s geographical conditions and its simple,rustic culture.However,in the 21st century,Xinhua Village’s rural sports encountered the challenge of a“retreat from tradition and difficulty in modernization”.This was primarily due to factors such as the loss of rural sports talent,the consolidation of rural primary schools resulting in the weakening of the“home-school-community”sports connection,shifts in the local living environment eroding the foundations of rural sports culture,and insufficient organization of emerging sports and cultural activities,hampering the formation of self-sustaining initiatives with broad-reaching influence.Based on these observations,this study puts forth several strategies for revitalizing rural sports,including aligning with the overarching goals of rural revitalization to chart a comprehensive plan for rural sports rejuvenation,reinvigorating sports programs in rural schools to rekindle enthusiasm for rural sports,establishing a holistic rural sports ecosystem to cultivate the environment for rural sports revival,enhancing talent development and organizational capacity to nurture leaders in rural sports revitalization,and fostering rural sports activities and sports industry to serve as platforms for rural sports revival.