奥林匹克“运动员权利宣言”研究

A Study on Olympic Athletes’Rights in the Athletes’Rights and Responsibilities Declaration

国际奥林匹克委员会颁布的《运动员权利与责任宣言》,具有先进性、整体性、代表性和体育行业特殊性等时代价值。当前,《运动员权利与责任宣言》面临条款内容的解释性空间较大、运动员权利实践的空间窄化、奥林匹克形式民主的局限性尚存、运动员发展权的明示规定缺乏等执行困境。为此,《奥林匹克2020+5议程》提出了优化执行环境、扩宽运动员资金支持、推动运动员在线教育培训发展、强化运动员主体地位、数字化赋能运动员长期发展等实践策略。可进一步总结和借鉴国际奥林匹克委员会推行《运动员权利与责任宣言》的有益经验,综合考量人权普遍性、文化多样性与体育特殊性,坚定不移走中国人权发展道路,从发展道路、组织领导、理念引领、法制保障、民主实践、案例示范方面科学规划和推动落实,促进我国运动员权利高质量发展。

The Athletes’Rights and Responsibilities Declaration(Athletes’Declaration)embodies values of progressiveness,inclusivity,representativeness,and the distinct nature of the sports industry.At present,the adoption of the Athletes’Declaration faces challenges,notably due to the considerable interpretational flexibility of its clauses,the narrowing scope of athletes’rights in practical scenarios,persistent limitations in procedural democracy of the Olympic model,and the absence of explicit provisions for the rights of athlete development.To tackle these issues,a strategic roadmap was proposed in the Olympic Agenda 2020+5.It consists the recommendations of optimizing execution environment,providing athletes with support to access funding,enhancing elearning opportunities for athletes,strengthening the main position of athletes,and digitally empowering athletes in acquiring knowledge and developing skills in digital media.By further summarizing and drawing insights from best practice examples of the IOC in promoting the Athletes’Rights and Responsibilities Declaration,a comprehensive approach can be adopted.This approach should consider the universal principles of human rights,cultural diversity and the distinctive nature of sports.By resolutely following China’s path of human rights development and methodically planning and promoting athlete rights through aspects like development strategies,organizational leadership,guiding principles,legal protections,democratic practices,and exemplary case studies,the high-quality advancement of athlete rights in our nation can be facilitated.