质谱时代经典微生物鉴定在临床微生物实习教学中的传承与创新

Inheritance and innovation of classical microbial identification in clinical microbiology internship teaching in the mass spectrometry era

经典微生物学鉴定主要依靠形态学特征、革兰染色、生理生化反应特征以及血清学反应,其鉴定过程具有繁琐,周期长、灵敏度和特异性较差的特点。而质谱技术作为一种新型的检测技术,具有快速、准确、高通量、易操作的优势,近年来在临床微生物检验工作中得以广泛应用。质谱技术在微生物鉴定方面的优越性,导致了临床微生物在实习带教过程中忽视了经典微生物鉴定方法的传授。质谱时代下,临床微生物实习教学中如何传承经典微生物鉴定方法,又能传授先进的质谱检测技术,给临床微生物检验实习教学带来新的挑战。本文通过以形态学为基础,以生化反应为框架,并以血清学为补充,利用质谱技术与经典鉴定方法相结合,提高学生对苛养菌、厌氧菌和罕见菌的认知等方面进行探讨,为培养合格的临床微生物检验专业人才提供有益尝试。

Classical microbiological identification,mainly relying on morphological features,Gram staining,physiological and biochemical reaction characteristics,and serological reactions,has a tedious identification process,long cycle,and poor sensitivity as well as specificity.As a new detection technology,mass spectrometry has the advantages of fast,accurate,high-throughput,and easy operation,which has been widely applied in clinical microbiological testing in recent years.The superiority of mass spectrometry technology in microbial identification has led to the neglect of classical microbial identification methods in clinical microbiology teaching during an internship.In the era of mass spectrometry,how to inherit the classical microbial identification methods and teach advanced mass spectrometry detection techniques in clinical microbiology internship teaching brings new challenges to clinical microbiology testing internship teaching.Based on morphology,with biochemical reactions as the framework,and serology as a supplement,this article combines mass spectrometry technology with classical identification methods,aiming to improve students’understanding of fastidious,anaerobic,and rare bacteria,as well as providing a beneficial attempt to cultivate qualified clinical microbiological testing professionals.