内源性神经干细胞治疗新生儿脑损伤的研究进展

Progress in endogenous neural stem cells for neonatal brain injury

新生儿脑损伤是指围生期阶段各种因素引起的脑组织病理性损伤,常见于新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)、脑室周围-脑室内出血和脑室周围白质软化等疾病。严重脑损伤后,中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)的修复与重建对其功能恢复至关重要。研究表明,神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSC)是一类具有多向分化和自我更新能力的细胞群。内源性NSC(endogenous neural stem cells,eNSC)能在体内增殖、迁移至受损区域,并分化为星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和神经元,为神经再生治疗策略开辟了新的研究方向。该文旨在对eNSC治疗新生儿脑损伤中的研究进展进行综述。

Neonatal brain injury refers to the pathological damage of brain tissue caused by various factors in the perinatal period.The most common disorders are hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage,and periventricular leukomalacia.After a severe brain injury,the repair and reconstruction of the central nervous system(CNS)is crucial in restoring CNS architecture and function.The studies have shown that neural stem cells(NSC)have the potential for multidirectional differentiation and the ability to maintain self-renewal.Endogenous neural stem cells(eNSC)can proliferate,migrate to the lesion sites and finally differentiate into astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neurons,to provide new options for the treatment of neural regeneration.This paper aims to review the recent progress of eNSC in treating neonatal brain injury.