论私人数字货币的法律定性及交易规范的法律适用

On the Legal Nature of Private Digital Currency and the Legal Application of Transaction Norms

私人数字货币可从使用途径和法律适用角度分为支付型数字货币、使用型数字货币和投资型数字货币。在法律定性上,支付型数字货币应该是非物非债的虚拟财产,使用型数字货币上的权利应为债权,而投资型数字货币本质为数字形式的证券。法律性质决定着法律规范的适用。使用型数字货币应当适用于合同法规范及其他与债相关的规范;投资型数字货币则适用于证券相关的管理监督规范;支付型数字货币则较为特殊,需要对不同情况进行分析,从而决定其相关法律适用。

Private digital currencies can be divided into payment-based digital currencies,usage-based dig⁃ital currencies,and investment-based digital currencies from the perspective of use and legal application.In terms of legal nature,payment-based digital currencies should be virtual property that is non-physical and non-debt.The rights in usage-based digital currencies should be creditor’s rights,while the investment�based digital currencies are essentially digital securities.The nature of law determines the application of le⁃gal norms.Therefore,usage-based digital currencies should be applied to contract law norms and other debt-related norms;investment-based digital currencies should be applied to securities-related management and supervision norms;while,payment-based digital currencies are more special and need to analyze differ⁃ent situations to determine the application of their relevant laws.