发展型治理:中国式新型农村集体经济的建构及其运行机制

Developmental Governance:The Construction and Operational Mechanisms of China’s New Rural Collective Economy

集体经济的发展是中国式现代化的重要组成部分。通过对案例村集体经济“两因素三阶段四主体”的考察,发现集体经济治理的独特规律在于“发展型治理”,即发展优先治理,治理服务发展。具体而言,在集体经济兴起阶段,各主体以发展为第一追求,并形成产权模糊和政府支持的状态。发展阶段村民的权利诉求并不一定能打破村级组织与地方政府的二元合作主导状态。但是,随着中央价值引导以及对产权清晰化的推动,倒逼集体经济进入治理体系变革阶段。“发展型治理”的实现得益于三大机制的有效运行,即中央与地方政府在不同阶段的错位支持,集体产权在不同时段的差异性配置以及国家对社会价值的强势性政策引导。未来,需要进一步正视农民权利诉求,转变政府支持方式,推进集体经济组织内生能力建设。

The development of collective economy is an essential component of the Chinese-style modernization.Through the investigation of the“two factors,three stages,and four entities”of collective economy in case study villages,it was found that the unique pattern of collective economy governance lies in“developmental governance”,that is,development prioritizes governance and governance serves development.Specifically,during the initial stage of the rise of the collective economy,all entities prioritize development and a state of ambiguous property rights and government support was formed.In the development stage,the villagers’demands for rights may not necessarily break the dominance of the dual cooperation between the village organization and the local government.However,with the central value guidance and the promotion of property rights clarity,the collective economy was forced to enter the stage of governance system reform.The effective implementation of developmental governance benefits from the effective operation of three mechanisms:the mismatched support from the central and local governments in different stages,the differential allocation of collective property rights at different times,and the strong policy guidance of the state towards social values.In the future,it is necessary to further address the demands for farmers’rights,transform government support method,and promote the construction of endogenous capacity of collective economic organizations.