康熙未年的内“面谕”与与第三次立储计划——以《本朝题驳公案》新见史料为中心

The "Instructive Edict" And the Third Plan to Establish A Crown Prince in the Late Kangxi Period:A New Historical Source From Benchao Tibo Gongan

《本朝题驳公案》是康熙末年根据邸报编辑的坊刻本书籍,其中收录了康熙五十六、五十七年之际的长篇“面谕”,以及与康熙朝第三次立储计划相关的上谕、题本等罕见史料。该书与《实录》《起居注》中的相关记载有着微妙的差别,提示《实录》《起居注》中的记载可能经过雍正朝的篡改。从该书的记载看来,康熙帝于五十六、五十七年之际一度重病不起,并长期不能理政,因而在五十六年底发布了长篇“面谕”,预备当做遗诏,并有第三次立储计划,且立储人选很可能仍是胤,但因康熙帝对胤初及其周围小集团的不满而中止。

Benchao Tibo Gongan(Rejected Cases of The Dynasty)was a compilation of edicts collected from the imperial bulletin that was published at the end of Kangxi Period.The work contained the long"Instructive Edict"issued between 1717 and 1718,as well as rare historical materials such as the edicts and inscriptions related to the third plan to establish a crown prince in the Kangxi Period.There are subtle differences between this book and the relevant records in the Veritable Records(Shilu),Imperial Diaries(Qijujian),suggesting that the records in the Veritable Records and Imperial Diaries may have been tampered with in Yongzheng Period.According to the book,Emperor Kangxi was seriously ill and unable to manage his administration for a long period between 1717 and 1718,so he issued the long"instructive edict"at the end of 1717,which was prepared as a posthumous edict,that planned to establish a crown prince for the third time.It was likely that the candidate for the crown prince was still Yinreng.The plan was discontinued due to Emperor Kangxi's dissatisfaction with Yinreng and the clique around him.