清代北京僧录司正、副印考述

Chief and Deputy Supervisors of the Central Buddist Registry in Qing Dynasty

清初北京僧录司多沿袭明制,雍正帝继位后任命专门僧人掌北京僧录司印。乾隆二十一年至三十一年,设置北京僧录司正、副印,执掌京师佛教及全国佛教的管理。人选主要来自宝通贤首宗,原因是该宗与清代官方、权贵士绅及民众百姓保持良好关系。这是清代君主专制下官僚政治运行的必然结果,也是清代皇权加强佛教管理的集中体现。

In the early Qing Dynasty,the Senglu Department in Beijing followed the Ming system.After Yongzheng ascended the throne,special monks were appointed to take charge of the Beijing monks.From the 1756 to 1766,the Central Buddist Registry took charge of the administration of Buddhism in the capital and the whole country.The supervisors were mainly from the baotong xianshou sect,because the sect maintained good relations with the Qing dynasty Supervisors,dignitaries,and ordinary people.This was the inevitable result of the bureaucratic political practice under the autocratic monarchy in Qing Dynasty,and the concentrated embodiment of the imperial power to strengthen the management of Buddhism in Qing Dynasty.