康熙中后期旗人官员捐修皇家工程研究

Donations of Eight Banners Officials to Royal Engineering in the Middle and Late Kangxi Reign

康熙中后期,官员捐银频繁发生,其中旗人官员对于皇家工程的捐银有着显著特点。这些工程的认捐者仅限旗人官员,认捐数额巨大,且收取时带有明显强制性。很多被称为“巴彦”的旗人官员被皇帝挑选出来,指名认捐皇家工程,并从中获得一定利益。旗下官员具有双重身份,他们既属于皇帝所主导的八旗系统,也是国家官僚系统中的一员。这种捐银方式直接影响到他们的个人生计。他们借助职任便利偷梁换柱、中饱私囊,对吏治造成了负面影响。旗人官员的捐银虽然短期内部分解决了皇家财政短缺的问题,但所暴露的国家与皇家财政界限缪混乱的现象,揭示了清朝政治运行过程中的弊端。

In the middle and late Kangxi reign,official donations to imperial projects were frequently requested,and the donations of Officials of the Eight Banners to these projects had some remarkable characteristics.For example,the donations to engineering projects were large and were coerced.Many Officials of the Eight Banners,known as"Bayan",were selected by the emperor,and asked to donate money to royal projects.And these donors could receive certain benefits.The Officials of the Eight Banners had a dual identity,they are not only a members of the Eight Banners system dominated by the emperor,but also members of the state bureaucracy.This kind of donation affected their personal life,so it had a negative effect on the official administration.Therefore,although these donations alleviated the shortage of royal finances in the short term,they exposed the shortcomings of national finances.