吕留良后人再次发配与清代宁古塔流人管理

The Two Exiles of Liu Liuliang's Descendants and the Administration of Ningguta Prisoners in the Qing Dynasty

受曾静案影响,吕留良后人被流放宁古塔,成为清代历史上影响很大且为后人所熟知的流人案例。通过查阅满汉文档案,并结合田野调查,可以发现,其后人于乾隆三十年前后又从宁古塔被发配到齐齐哈尔,形成再次发配事件。该事件缘于其孙子吕懿兼和曾孙吕敷先违例捐监事发,经过严厉审查惩罚,将其再次发配。透过此次事件可以看出,该案件对清代的流人政策产生深远影响;亦推动我们重新审视宁古塔流人的境况,一方面宁古塔可能并非学界所认定的那样苦寒不堪,另一方面宁古塔流人的生活相对容易,并非学界所描述的那样异常凄惨。

Influenced by Zeng Jing's case,the descendants of Lu Liuliang were exiled to Ningguta where they became influential,affluent families and gentry.Driven by the desire to eliminate the identity and humiliation of the exiled prisoners,Lu Yijian and Li Fuxian purchased jiansheng degrees.After the event was disclosed,they were punished by the Qing government and re-exiled to Qiqihar.Through recombing and excavating the incident and supplementing the Manchu historical materials,it was found that the natural environment,social style,and daily life of the prisoners in Ningguta in the Qing Dynasty are not as commonly understood by academics.The second exile also updated the understanding of the exile system in Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty and the changes and development of its policies andexile sites.