广州城市绿地景观特征及其对鸟类多样性的影响

Landscape Characteristics of Urban Green Spaces and Their Effects on Bird Diversity:the Case of Guangzhou

研究城市景观特征对鸟类的影响对于促进城市鸟类的保护和恢复提供了重要依据。为探讨城市鸟类对景观格局如何响应,于2017—2019年对广州20个城市绿地斑块进行鸟类调查,分析9个景观参数对鸟类多样性的影响。结果显示:(1)20个城市绿地斑块以林地为主要基质景观;大学城湾咀头湿地公园和海珠湿地公园一期的景观多样性最高,华南师范大学斑块密度最高。(2)共记录鸟类18目50科139种,雀形目Passeriformes最多,为82种;居留型方面,以留鸟为主(占比54%);列入国家重点保护野生动物名录的鸟类有22种。(3)对于留鸟而言,斑块面积对鸟类丰富度有显著正效应,但对鸟类香农-威纳指数和均匀度指数无显著效应和显著负效应;对全部景观参数进行分层分解分析,发现斑块密度和斑块数量对鸟类多样性的影响更大。这表明,在广州城市绿地斑块中维持低的斑块密度、少的斑块数量和高的景观多样性可以有效提升鸟类多样性。

Study on the impact of urban landscape characteristics on birds can provide important guidance and assistance for bird conservation and restoration in urban areas.To explore how urban birds respond to landscape characteristics,line transect surveys for birds were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in 20 patches of the urban green spaces in Guangzhou City,China,and 9 landscape parameters were also collected.The results showed that:1)among the 20 patches of urban green spaces,forest landscape was the main type.Wanzuitou Wetland Park at the Higher Education Mega Center and Haizhu Wetland phaseⅠhad the highest landscape diversity,and South China Agricultural University have the highest patch density.2)A total of 139 bird species belonging to 50 families,18 orders were recorded,and Passeriformes had the highest species richness(82 species).Resident bird dominated the bird community,accounting for 54%of the total species.Additionally,22 birds were listed in the category of the state key protected wildlife list of China.3)For resident birds,patch area had a significant positive effect on bird richness,but had no significant or negative effects on bird Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou’s evenness index,respectively.The result of hierarchical partitioning analysis with all landscape characteristics further revealled that patch density and patch number had a relatively larger effect on bird diversity.This study suggests that the bird species diversity of Guangzhou urban green spaces can be promoted through lowering the patch density and patch number,while increasing the landscape diversity.