劳动力的城市集聚提升了劳动生产效率吗——以我国五大城市群样本为例

Does the Urban Agglomeration of the Labor Force Improve the Labor Production Efficiency--Taking the Sample of Five Major Urban Agglomerations in China as an Example

劳动力资源是城市生产的核心投入要素,其集聚规模和水平对生产效率提升具有重要作用。本文以我国五大城市群2008—2020年107个地级市为样本,采用DSGE模型、个体固定效应与门槛模型从理论与实证两方面考察了城市劳动力集聚对劳动生产效率的影响。研究表明:五大城市群城市劳动力集聚对劳动生产效率的提升具有显著的促进作用,但这种促进作用表现出倒“L”型关系;不同城市群和不同城市规模的城市劳动力集聚对劳动生产效率提升的影响作用机理和显著水平不尽相同;另外,研究发现五大城市群劳动力集聚对劳动生产效率存在显著的单门槛效应,城市群内随着劳动力集聚值的增加,其对劳动生产效率的促进作用由强变弱。为此,各城市群应致力于城市劳动力集聚水平的提升和劳动力流动规模的扩大,并根据各城市实际情况实施差异化劳动力引进机制。

Labor resources are the core input factor of urban production,and their agglomeration scale and level play an important role in improving production efficiency.Based on the data of 107 prefecture-level cities from 2008 to 2020,the impact of urban labor agglomeration on labor production efficiency is investigated from theoretical and empirical aspects through the use of DSGE model,individual fixed effect and threshold model.The study shows that the urban labor agglomeration in the five urban agglomerations can significantly promote the labor production efficiency,but this promotion effect shows an inverted"L"relationship;different urban clusters and different urban sizes affect the production efficiency with different mechanisms and intensities.It also shows that there is a significant double threshold effect on the labor production efficiency by labor agglomeration in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration,and the intensity trend is from weak to strong to weak.Therefore,each urban agglomeration should be committed to the improvement of urban labor force agglomeration level and the expansion of labor flow scale,and implement a differentiated labor force introduction mechanism according to the actual situation of each city.