侵夺或取代:藩镇层级所见唐中后期观察使与刺史的政治互动

Deprivation or Replacement:Political Interactions between Guanchashi and Cishi in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty from the Perspective of Military Governorship Level

藩镇长官观察使在初唐至中唐的身份演变中逐渐职事官化,成为地方行政长官,其职权范围与州级刺史存在重叠,两者之间的政治关系成为安史之乱后地方权力架构的重点。通过史料分析得出,朝廷将藩镇一级纳入地方秩序层级中,实行藩镇和州“分层共治”。该架构既保证事务统筹上的高效,又给予州刺史独立的行政空间。而从江淮八镇可见观察使和刺史在日常政治互动中存在失控的问题,观察使打破朝廷“分层共治”的秩序,通过政治和经济上的操作达成对刺史权力的侵夺和割离。朝廷为追求地方内部的平衡和央地的和谐,通过诏敕的重申和强调有意调控观察使和刺史之间的不平衡关系,保障了唐中后期刺史的基本行政权力。

During the evolution of their status from the early to the middle Tang Dynasty,the military governors,Guanchashi,gradually became local administrators,whose scope of authority overlapped with that of prefecture-level governors,Cishi,and the political relationship between them became the focus of the local power structure after the Anshi Rebellion.The analyses of historical materials have shown that the imperial court incorporated the military governorship level into the local order hierarchy,and implemented the“hierarchical collegiality”.This structure not only ensured efficient coordination of affairs,but also gave the prefecture governors independent administrative space.It can be seen from the eight military towns of Jianghuai regions that the political interactions between them were out of control,and the Guanchashi broke the court’s“hierarchical co-governance”order,usurped and separated the power of the Cishi through political and economic manipulation.The imperial court,in its pursuit of balance and harmony between the local and central regions,deliberately regulated the unbalanced relationship between them by reiterating and emphasizing the imperial edicts,thus safeguarding the basic administrative power of them in the mid-and-late Tang Dynasty.