论竟陵派诗论中的“厚”

On the Idea of"Hou"in the Poetics of the Jingling School

“厚”是竟陵派代表人物钟惺、谭元春提出的诗学主张。一方面,“厚”的提出是对公安派诗歌创作弊端的反拨;另一方面,“厚”又是竟陵派的自救方法。竟陵派论“厚”,其内容主要表现为用词用字的贴切有力、表现手法的含蓄蕴藉、风格的自然天成、内容意义的深刻丰富、人的稳重深沉之气五个方面。但由于竟陵派的最终追求和目的并不是使诗歌走向复古派所谓的温柔敦厚,而是求新求异,求幽远之境和幽邃之情,致使竟陵派论“厚”与传统意义上“厚”的内涵有所偏离,且有了以“厚”寻“幽”的倾向。因此竟陵派之“厚”论不仅没有从根本上纠正公安派诗歌创作的俚俗之弊,也使其自身创作陷于幽深孤峭不可自拔。

"Hou"("厚")is a poetic idea put forward by Zhong Xin and Tan Yuanchun,representatives of the Jingling School.On the one hand,"Hou"was a counteraction to the creative malpractice of the Gong'an School's poetry;on the other hand,"Hou"was the self-saving way for the Jingling School.The Jingling School's idea of"Hou"is mainly manifested in five aspects,such as the appropriate and powerful words,the implicit and profound expression,the natural style,the profound and rich means of content,and the steady and deep spirit of human.However,because the ultimate pursuit and purpose of the Jingling School is not to make poetry go to the so-called gentle and generous poetry of the retrospective school,but to the creativity and difference.They pursued a faraway realm and profound feelings that resulting in their idea of"Hou"of was devaiated from the tradition,and there was a tendency to pursue"quiet"through"Hou".Therefore,Jingling School's idea of"Hou"not only did not fundamentally correct the vulgar problems of the Gong'an School's poetry creation,but also caused its own creation to be deeply isolated.