苹果园施用虫酰肼的沉降残留及对地表节肢动物的风险初评

The Risk Assessment of Tebufenozide Residues and Its Effect on Soil Arthropods in Apple Orchard

为评估北京地区苹果园施用虫酰肼可能存在的生态安全风险,本研究基于QuEChERs技术建立了前处理方法检测虫酰肼在苹果园土壤中的残留,采用液相色谱法测定了该药在苹果园土壤中的残留趋势;并利用陷阱法监测了虫酰肼对果园地表蜘蛛目、膜翅目、双翅目和弹尾目等节肢动物多样性特征及数量的影响.研究结果显示,虫酰肼在土壤中的添加回收率为79.61%~99.50%,相对标准偏差为7.02%~10.26%,变异系数为0.07%~0.13%,适用于苹果园土壤虫酰肼残留分析.苹果园施用虫酰肼后的消解动态符合一级动力学方程,分别为虫酰肼常规施药区C=1.7312 e-0.043 t(r=0.947)、隔行施药区C=1.0897 e-0.043 t(r=0.9395),半衰期均为16.12 d.苹果树施用虫酰肼后3 d内对地表蜘蛛目数量有显著抑制作用,对地表膜翅目、双翅目、弹尾目等昆虫的数量影响不大;地表节肢动物代表类群的生物多样性指数药后有所降低并于28 d后趋于恢复.虫酰肼施用后在苹果园土壤中消解可检测,施用虫酰肼会对地表节肢动物群落产生短期影响.

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential ecological risk of tebufenozide in the apple orchard of Beijing.This study used QuEChERs technology to establish the pretreatment method for determining the residual dynamics of thiamethoxam in the apple orchard soil via HPLC,and analyzed the effects of tebufenozide on soil arthropod diversities and abundances,including Araneae,Hymenoptera,Diptera,and Collembola.The results showed that the recovery rate of tebufenozide in soil was 79.61%~99.50%,the relative standard deviation was 7.02%~10.26%,and the coefficient of variation was 0.07%~0.13%,suggesting that the HPLC analysis method was suitable for analysis of tebufenozide residual in soil.Tebufenozide could be degraded in the apple orchard soil after application,and the degradation of tebufenozide in soil complied with the first-order kinetic equation,which were C=1.7312 e-0.043 t(r=0.947)in the conventional tebufenozide spraying treatment and C=1.0897 e-0.043 t(r=0.9395)in the interspaced tebufenozide spraying treatment.The half-lives were 16.12 d in these two treatments.The diversity and evenness indexes of soil arthropods were significantly reduced in a short period of time,and then were recovered at 28 days after tebufenozide application.Furthermore,tebufenozide application significantly inhibited the population abundance of Araneaeafter,but not Hymenoptera,Diptera,and Collembola.The tebufenozide could be degraded in the apple orchard soil.However,the tebufenozide would affect the soil arthropod community in short term.